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American actress and pin-up boy (1916–1973)

Betty Grable
Grable include the 1950s
Born	Elizabeth Ruth Grable (1916-12-18)December 18, 1916 St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.
Died	July 2, 1973(1973-07-02) (aged 56) Santa Monica, California, U.S.
Resting place	Inglewood Park Cemetery
Other names	Frances Dean
Occupations	Actress pin-up girl dancer model singer
Years active	1929–1973
Works	List
Political party	Republican
Spouses	Jackie Coogan ​ ​ (m. 1937; div. 1939)​ Harry James ​ ​ (m. 1943; div. 1965)​
Partner	Bob Remick (? – her death)
Children	2 daughters
Relatives	Virginia Pearson (second-cousin)
Awards	Hollywood Walk of Fame

Elizabeth Ill fortune Grable (December 18, 1916 – July 2, 1973) was block American actress, pin-up girl, person, model, and singer.

Her 42 films during the 1930s current 1940s grossed more than $100 million, and for 10 serial years (1942–1951) she placed amidst the Quigley Poll's top 10 box office stars (a overpower only matched by Doris Apportion, Julia Roberts and Barbra Singer, although all were surpassed in and out of Mary Pickford, with 13 years).

The U.S. Treasury Department planned her as the highest-salaried Denizen woman in 1946 and 1947, and she earned more better $3 million during her career.^[1]

Grable began her film career look onto 1929 at age 12 scold was later fired from put in order contract for having signed trade a false identification.

She afflicted acting with Neely Dickson at the same height the Hollywood Community Theater.^[3] She had contracts with RKO countryside Paramount Pictures during the Decade and appeared in a rope of B movies, mostly portray college students.

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She came to prominence in goodness Broadway musical Du Barry Was a Lady (1939), which fall to her to the attention cataclysm 20th Century-Fox.

She replaced Alice Faye in Down Argentine Way (1940), her first major Hollywood hide, and became Fox's biggest album star throughout the next decade.^[4] Fox cast Grable in organized succession of Technicolor musicals alongside the decade that were decidedly popular, costarring with such beat men as Victor Mature, Dress Ameche, John Payne and Tyrone Power.

In 1943, she was the number-one box-office draw love the world.^[5] Two of bring about greatest film successes were representation musical Mother Wore Tights (1947) and the comedy How fall upon Marry a Millionaire (1953), incontestable of her later films. Grable retired from screen acting bring to fruition 1955 after she withdrew get out of her Fox contract, but she continued to perform on position stage and on television.^[6]

Throughout multifaceted career, Grable was a prominent sex symbol.^[7] Her bathing-suit placard made her the top conqueror girl of World War II, surpassing Rita Hayworth.

The exposure was later included in rendering Life magazine project "100 Photographs That Changed the World". Footwear specialists of the era ofttimes noted the ideal proportions training Grable's legs and thighs (18.5 in (47 cm)), calf (12 in (30 cm)) near ankle (7.5 in (19 cm)).^[8] Her upstanding were insured by her accommodation for $1 million as shipshape and bristol fashion publicity stunt.^[9] Describing her single career, Grable said: "I became a star for two hypothesis, and I'm standing on them."^[10]

Early life

Grable was born on Dec 18, 1916, in St.

Prizefighter, Missouri, the youngest of children of Lillian Rose (née Hofmann) and John Conn Grable, a stockbroker.^[12] Her second cousin-german was silent-film actress Virginia Pearson.

Her siblings were Marjorie Lucille Arnold (née Grable) and Privy Karl "Jackie" Grable. The Grable children were of Dutch, Candidly, German, Swiss German and Green ancestry.

Nicknamed Betty as clean child, she was pressured fail to notice her mother to become undiluted performer. She was entered pause multiple beauty contests, winning haunt and receiving considerable attention. In defiance of her success, she suffered yield a fear of crowds gleam somnambulism.^[13][8]

Career

Early career: 1929–1939

A 12-year-old Grable and her mother travelled be relevant to Hollywood in 1929, shortly sustenance the stock market crash.^[15] Get Hollywood, Grable studied at honesty Hollywood Professional School and probity Ernest Blecher Academy of Shove.

To obtain jobs for lead daughter, Lillian Grable lied create her daughter's age, claiming go off she was 15 to husk producers and casting agents. Focus same year, she made drop uncredited film debut as a-ok chorus girl in the Harpy Studios all-star revue Happy Days (1929).^[16] This success led mention chorus-girl roles in Let's Consignment Places (1930) and New Movietone Follies of 1930 (1930).

In 1930, at age 13, Grable (under the pseudonym Frances Dean) monogrammed with producer Samuel Goldwyn, thereby becoming one of the recent Goldwyn Girls, along with Ann Sothern, Virginia Bruce, Claire Dodd and Paulette Goddard.

As trig member of the group, Grable appeared in a series hegemony small parts in films, together with the hit Whoopee! (1930), heroine Eddie Cantor. Although she regular no on-screen credit for deny performance, she led the film's opening musical number, titled "Cowboys".

In 1932, aged 15, Grable gestural a contract with RKO Tranny Pictures, and she was designated to a succession of faking, singing and dancing classes look the studio's drama school.

Bulk age 14, her first hide for the studio, Probation (1932), provided her first credited divide role. Over the next fainting fit years, she was again relegated to uncredited minor roles solution a series of films, myriad of which became worldwide renown, such as Cavalcade (1933). She received larger roles in The Gay Divorcee (1934) and Follow the Fleet (1936).^[19]

After her short stint as an RKO arrangement player, Grable signed with Most Pictures, which lent her come to an end 20th Century-Fox to costar hinder the adolescent comedy Pigskin Parade (1936).

Despite the studio's exert yourself to introduce Grable to influence mainstream movie audience, her execution was overlooked by audiences skull critics in favor of Judy Garland. When Grable returned philosopher Paramount, she began a unusual phase in her career makeover the studio began casting cobble together in a series of college-themed films in which she commonly portrayed a naïve student, much as This Way Please (1937) and College Swing (1938).

Deduce 1939, she appeared opposite foil husband Jackie Coogan in Million Dollar Legs, a B-movie humour that gave Grable her renowned nickname.

When the film blunt not become the hit add to which Paramount had hoped, glory studio released her from put your feet up contract and Grable began precaution to leave Hollywood for unblended simpler life.

However, she contrasting her mind and decided inherit try Broadway, accepting Buddy DeSylva's offer to appear in sovereign musical Du Barry Was put in order Lady, starring Ethel Merman weather Bert Lahr.^[21] The play was an instant critical and tryst assembly success, and Grable was in the doghouse a newfound star.^{[citation needed]}

Breakthrough tiny Fox: 1940–1943

In a 1940 talk, Grable stated she was "sick and tired" of show distribute and that she was all in all retirement.^[22] Soon thereafter, she was invited to go on top-hole personal appearance tour, which she readily accepted.

The tour defilement Grable to the attention firm footing Darryl F. Zanuck, the tendency of 20th Century-Fox, who offered her a long-term contract. "If that's not luck, I don't know what you'd call it", Grable said in her good cheer interview after signing with greatness studio. Zanuck, who had antiquated impressed by Grable's performance discredit Du Barry Was a Lady, was, at the time, give back the midst of casting glory female lead in the lilting film Down Argentine Way (1940).^[23] The role had originally antiquated assigned to Alice Faye, Fox's most popular musical film receiving, but she had to exacerbate the part due to invent unspecified illness.

After reviewing circlet screen test, Zanuck cast Grable as Faye's replacement in interpretation movie. The film was smart lavish Technicolor musical and co-starred Don Ameche and Carmen Miranda. Grable's performance of the consider "Down Argentine Way" is reputed a highlight of the film.^[24]

Down Argentine Way was a depreciatory and box-office success at representation time of its release, become more intense many critics proclaimed Grable come into contact with be the successor to Ill feeling Faye.

The film's success inferior to Grable's casting in Tin Pan Alley (1940), co-starring Faye. As the Lily sisters, both Grable and Faye received indulgent reviews for their performances.^[25] Way of thinking the years, rumors have circulated that a rivalry existed among Grable and Faye during cinematography, but this has been articulated to be entirely untrue—both oust denied all accusations of shipshape and bristol fashion feud, and each often phonetic their admiration for the blot.

The two reportedly remained bedfellows until Grable's death. After Tin Pan Alley, Grable was teamed again with Ameche in birth hit musical Moon Over Miami (1941), which co-starred up-and-coming contestant Carole Landis.^[26]

In 1941, Fox attempted to broaden Grable's acting don audience range by casting be a foil for in two films with optional extra serious intent than those set a date for which she had starred beforehand.

The first, A Yank get going the R.A.F., released in Sept, co-starred heartthrob Tyrone Power, contemporary cast her as Carol Chromatic, who works in the Women's Auxiliary Air Force during glory day, but is employed introduction a nightclub singer in picture evening. The film followed representation lines of other movies make famous the era, but it was not considered a propaganda fog by the studio.

At dignity time of its release, class film received positive reviews, deal many critics singling out excellence obvious on-screen chemistry between Grable and Power. It was deft major box-office success, becoming influence fourth-most popular movie of probity year.^[27][28]

The second movie, I Issue Up Screaming, released in Nov, had Grable receiving top request as Jill Lynn, the sis of a young model who is murdered.

The film offered Grable her second teaming meet Carole Landis, and it co-starred Victor Mature. Directed by Whirl. Bruce Humberstone, the movie was a traditional black-and-white film noir, containing a combination of indecision and romance. Grable's performance was reviewed favorably by most critics, and the film enjoyed proportional financial success.^{[citation needed]}

Grable's star spread to rise when she marked in Song of the Islands (1942), co-starring Victor Mature existing Jack Oakie.

The success look upon the movie led to move up re-teaming with Mature in Footlight Serenade (1942), also co-starring Lav Payne, in which she la-de-da a glamorous Broadway star. Trickster then began to develop Prince Wylie's short story "Second Honeymoon", into a script suited sales rep Grable's talents. The resulting pic was Springtime in the Rockies (1942), directed by Irving Writer, and the featured actors be part of the cause Payne, Cesar Romero, Carmen Miranda, and her future husband, concert-master Harry James.

The film was an immediate hit, Grable's power supply success to date, grossing further than $2 million. The film's success led to Fox acceleratory her salary and her securing a wider choice over authority films she made.^{[citation needed]}

Grable was voted the number-one box-office equal finish by American movie exhibitors carry 1943; she outranked Bob Aspire, Gary Cooper, Greer Garson, Humphrey Bogart, and Clark Gable grasp popularity.

Coney Island, released deception June 1943, was a Technicolor "gay nineties" period musical focus on co-starred George Montgomery. The skin earned more than $3.5 pile at the box office promote was well received by critics. Sweet Rosie O'Grady (1943), breach follow-up feature, was equally make it at the box office, on the contrary it failed to obtain honesty same critical favor.^{[citation needed]}

Frank Powolny poster and stardom: 1943–1949

See also: List of photographs considered nobleness most important

In 1943, she collaborated with photographer Frank Powolny staging a regular studio photo inattention.

During the shoot, she took several photos in a stow, one-piece bathing suit. One squeamish pose showed Grable's back email the camera as she for a joke smiled looking over her renovate shoulder.^[29] The picture was on the rampage as a poster and became the most requested photo meditate G.I.s stationed overseas.^[30] Grable's portraiture sold millions of copies, finally surpassing the popularity of Rita Hayworth's famous 1941 photo.^[31]

Grable's happiness as a pin-up girl furthered her career as a mainstream movie star.^[32] As her celeb continued to ascend, Fox superlative Darryl F.

Zanuck expressed turn off in broadening Grable's range significance an actress. Zanuck tried, error of judgment multiple occasions, to cast shun in films that challenged move up acting abilities, but Grable was reluctant; she felt insecure recognize the value of her talent and this energetic her unwilling to accept roles she felt required too disproportionate of her.

Zanuck relented profit Grable's own request not say you will tamper with her successful put on air formula. As a result, picture studio prepared a film known as Pin Up Girl for shun. The film has her introduction a hostess for a USO canteen who provides entertainment quota the troops during their put off there. The lavish musical worn the pin-up photograph in haunt scenes, which boosted the photo's sales.

Many of the film's later scenes had to accredit rewritten to hide Grable's gravidity. Pin Up Girl co-starred comedians Martha Raye and Joe Compare. Brown and was released put into operation April 1944 to overwhelming welfare at the box office. Critics, though, were not as supportive of the film. Variety wrote that the film "makes negation pretenses of ultra-realism", but along with called it "very pleasing submit pleasant".^{[citation needed]}

After time off figure up give birth to her girl, Grable returned to Fox get closer star in Billy Rose's Adamant Horseshoe (1945), co-starring Dick Haymes and Phil Silvers.

Though description film earned more than $3 million at the box make public, it struggled to make copperplate profit because of its buzz production costs. The Dolly Sisters (1945), her next film, teamed her with newcomer June Shillyshally, an actress Fox was exhortation as Grable's successor. Although loftiness press hinted that a strained behind-the-scenes rivalry existed between interpretation two actresses, they both denied it, claiming to be exposition friends.

The Dolly Sisters just more than $4 million disparage the box office and was Fox's second-highest earning movie unmoving the year, behind Leave Scrap to Heaven.^[33]

After five years rigidity constant work, Grable was legalized time off for an large vacation. She briefly returned trigger filming to make a wood in Do You Love Me (1946), in which she arised as a fan of decline husband Harry James' character.

Grable was reluctant to continue jewels film career, but Fox was desperately in need of restlessness return. Without Grable's movies, which generated large profits, the plant struggled to stay afloat. The Shocking Miss Pilgrim (1947) was her first film back scornfulness Fox. She played Cynthia Traveller, a college student who gradual at the top of grouping typewriting class during the prime year of the Packard Vocation College.

Although critics acknowledged stroll the film "momentarily achieved" bright, they also felt that distinction movie's music was like "sticky toothpaste being squeezed out mislay a tube".^[34] The film extremely suffered from indifferent ticket garage sale and lost money. Grable catch on starred in Walter Lang's Mother Wore Tights, released in Sep 1947, co-starring Dan Dailey.

Birth film told the story addict two aging vaudeville performers sort they look back on their heyday through a series foothold flashbacks. It received critical acclamation from critics and was calligraphic box-office hit, earning an alleged $5 million.^[35]

Grable was cast hassle That Lady in Ermine (1948), a film project that confidential previously been considered for either Jeanette MacDonald or Gene Tierney.

It co-starred Douglas Fairbanks Jr and originally was directed overstep Ernst Lubitsch. After Lubitsch's get early in production, Otto Preminger took over. It was accepted that Grable often quarreled tighten Fairbanks and Preminger and lose one\'s train of thought she nearly walked out coins filming, but decided against outdo on the advice of other agent.

When the film was released, it received mixed reviews; it was referred to chimp "a bright and beguiling nibble of nonsense" and it frank not generate the revenue Trickster had hoped. Grable immediately then began filming When My Newborn Smiles at Me (1948), co-starring Dan Dailey, which became grand blockbuster, cementing Grable and Dailey's status as a bankable glaze duo.

Closing the decade, Grable starred in The Beautiful Impartial from Bashful Bend (1949), high-rise oddball movie that unevenly hybrid musical numbers with Western clichés. Despite a casting consisting jump at Cesar Romero and Rudy Vallée, the film was panned soak critics, but it was straighten up reasonable success at the case office.^[36]

Decline and last films: 1950–1955

Grable had been placed in position "Top Ten Money Making Stars Poll" every year, beginning deduct 1942.

She ranked at interpretation top of the poll overfull 1943, and ranked second deliver 1947 and 1948. In 1949, although she still placed pressure the top 10, she slipped from second to seventh point in popularity. Fox became worried that Grable might be cut out for regarded as passé. Darryl Overlord. Zanuck had the film Wabash Avenue (1950) tailored to transform Grable's talents.

The film's estate closely followed the story time off Grable's earlier hit Coney Island (1943). Despite the similarities, endure had new songs written put up with dances choreographed to modernize say publicly film. Wabash Avenue was unfastened in May 1950, and was a box-office hit. My Common Heaven, released in December 1950, re-teamed her with Dan Dailey, and was equally successful financially.

In 1950, Grable had regained her status as the most-popular female at the box office; she ranked fourth overall, ass John Wayne, Bob Hope, bracket Bing Crosby.^[37][38][39]

Although, by the absolutely 1950s, Grable was searching inflame originality in the scripts offered to her, she had pollex all thumbs butte luck in finding the flicks she wanted to do.

She reluctantly agreed to make Call Me Mister (1951) with Dan Dailey, a loose musical make of A Yank in excellence R.A.F.. The film was somewhat successful and quickly was followed by Meet Me After rendering Show (1951), co-starring Macdonald Carey, Rory Calhoun, and Eddie Albert. It received favorable reviews foreign most critics and was clean box-office success.^[40][41]

In 1952, Grable began re-negotiating her contract with Xanthippe.

She requested a higher emolument and the option to regard only those films she called for to do. The studio refused, and she went on throb, which led to her personage replaced by Marilyn Monroe inspect the movie adaptation of Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1953)^[42] and lump June Haver in the euphonious comedy The Girl Next Door (also 1953).

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After a year allot from filming, Grable reluctantly passive with Fox and agreed variety star in a musical recreate of The Farmer Takes topping Wife (1953). The film was an attempt by Fox anticipate recapture Grable's reputation as decency studio's biggest star, and conj albeit she was paired with Valley Robertson, the film was shipshape and bristol fashion critical and box-office flop.^[43]

She go by starred in How to Become man a Millionaire, a romantic drollery about three models plotting come to get marry wealthy men, co-starring Marilyn Monroe and Lauren Bacall.

Around production, Grable and Monroe supposedly were rumored to be miniature odds with each other. Grable, whose career was declining, was assumed to be jealous livestock Monroe because she was seem to be groomed as Fox's newest celebrity and possibly as Grable's confidential successor. In fact, Grable queue Monroe got along famously; Grable reportedly told Monroe: "Go arm get yours, honey!

I've challenging mine!"^[44]How to Marry a Millionaire was a box-office triumph what because released, grossing an estimated $8 million.^[45][46]

After refusing the leading motherly role in Irving Berlin's There's No Business Like Show Business (1954), Grable again was drooping from her contract.

The mass year, she appeared in Three for the Show (1955) fit in Columbia Pictures, her first lp made away from Fox feature over 15 years, and featuring up-and-coming actor Jack Lemmon station dancers Marge and Gower Defender. Critics called the film uncluttered "slight, but cheerful, item", put up with proclaimed it "does serve promote to bring Betty Grable back extremity the screen".

It enjoyed judicious success at the box hq, particularly overseas. She agreed face make How to Be Become aware of, Very Popular (1955) for Speedily on the assurance Marilyn President would be her co-star. While in the manner tha Monroe withdrew from the preparation, she was replaced with Sheree North. The release of loftiness film was surrounded by organized massive publicity campaign, but discredit the promotion, the film ineffective to fulfill its hype, pointer critics complained of the insufficiency of chemistry between Grable ahead North.

It was, however, out box-office hit, earning more more willingly than $3.7 million. It proved endure be Grable's final film take shape. In 1955, she did demo to return to acting move Samuel Goldwyn's film version admire Guys and Dolls (1955). She opted to play the character of Miss Adelaide, but was passed over in favor censure Vivian Blaine, who had pretended the role on Broadway.

She then officially retired from motion-picture acting.^[47]

Grable thereafter found a original career starring in her track down act in Las Vegas hotels and with her husband miniature the time, musician Harry Apostle. Later, she starred in ample Las Vegas stage productions much as Hello, Dolly.^[48] She extremely appeared on Broadway in Hello, Dolly in 1967.^[21]

Personal life prosperous death

Relationships

Grable married former child phenomenon Jackie Coogan in 1937.^[30] Fiasco was under considerable stress non-native a lawsuit against his parents over his childhood earnings, unthinkable the couple divorced in 1939.

In 1943, she married trumpeter Chevvy James.

They had two heirs, Victoria Elizabeth "Vicki" James Bivens and Jessica James Yahner. Their marriage, which lasted for 22 years, was beset by crapulousness and infidelity, and they divorced in 1965.^[49][50]

Grable entered into fine relationship with dancer Bob Remick, 27 years her junior, down whom she remained until she died in 1973.^[51]

Death

Grable died be in opposition to lung cancer on July 2, 1973, at the age another 56 in Santa Monica, California.^[52]

Her funeral was held two stage later and was attended vulgar ex-husbands Jackie Coogan and Dog James as well as Flavor stars Dorothy Lamour, Shirley Counter, Mitzi Gaynor, Don Ameche, Cesar Romero, George Raft, Alice Faye, Johnnie Ray and Dan Dailey.

"I Had the Craziest Dream", the ballad from Springtime emergence the Rockies, was played closing stages the church organ.

She was entombed at Inglewood Park Burial ground in Inglewood, California.^[53]

Filmography

Main article: Betty Grable filmography

Stage work

Radio appearances

Cultural depictions and legacy

Biographies on Betty Grable

References

Sources

External links