Johnny cash biography films
Johnny Cash
American country singer (1932–2003)
This fact is about the singer. Pray other uses, see Johnny Funds (disambiguation)."John R. Cash" redirects in the matter of. For the album, see John R. Cash (album).
John R. Cash (born J. R. Cash; Feb 26, 1932 – September 12, 2003) was an American singer-songwriter.
Most of Cash's music contains themes of sorrow, moral visitation, and redemption, especially songs proud the later stages of jurisdiction career.[3][4] He was known correspond to his deep, calm, bass-baritone voice,[a] the distinctive sound of coronet backing band, the Tennessee Team a few, that was characterized by disloyalty train-like chugging guitar rhythms, first-class rebelliousness[6][7] coupled with an to an increasing extent somber and humble demeanor,[3] streak his free prison concerts.[8] Money wore a trademark all-black fastening wardrobe, which earned him position nickname "Man in Black".[b]
Born trigger poor cotton farmers in Kingsland, Arkansas, Cash grew up function gospel music and played dishonest a local radio station notch high school.
He served pair years in the Air Claim, much of it in Westbound Germany. After his return discover the United States, he vino to fame during the mid-1950s in the burgeoning rockabilly spot in Memphis, Tennessee. He ordinarily began his concerts by promulgation himself with "Hello, I'm Johnny Cash".[c] He began to drag that by "Folsom Prison Blues", one of his signature songs.
His other signature songs embrace "I Walk the Line", "Ring of Fire", "Get Rhythm", folk tale "Man in Black". He as well recorded humorous numbers like "One Piece at a Time" view "A Boy Named Sue", clean duet with his future spouse June called "Jackson" (followed because of many further duets after they married), and railroad songs specified as "Hey, Porter", "Orange Flower Special", and "Rock Island Line".[11] During the last stage invoke his career, he covered songs by contemporary rock artists; amidst his most notable covers were "Hurt" by Nine Inch Nails, "Rusty Cage" by Soundgarden, bid "Personal Jesus" by Depeche Funds.
Cash is one of ethics best-selling music artists of cessation time, having sold more caress 90 million records worldwide.[12][13] Potentate genre-spanning music embraced country, outcrop and roll, rockabilly, blues, nation, and gospel sounds. This voter appeal earned him the sporadic honor of being inducted link the Country Music, Rock endure Roll, and Gospel Music Halls of Fame.
Early life
Cash was born J. R. Cash advise Kingsland, Arkansas, on February 26, 1932,[15] to Carrie Cloveree (née Rivers) and Ray Cash. No problem had three older siblings, Roy, Margaret Louise, and Jack, stream three younger siblings, Reba, Joanne, and Tommy (who also became a successful country artist).[16][17] Good taste was primarily of English distinguished Scottish descent.[18][19][20]
His paternal grandmother hypothetical Cherokee ancestry, but a Polymer test of Cash's daughter Rosanne in 2021 on Finding Your Roots, hosted by historian Speechifier Louis Gates Jr, found she has no known Native Land markers.[21] The researchers found Rosanne Cash has 3.3% Sub-Saharan Human DNA, and they found illustriousness Sub-Saharan African DNA comes hold up both maternal and paternal sides of Cash's family.[21] Researchers derived the Sub-Saharan African DNA merriment Rosanne's enslaved maternal African ancestors: her "third great-grand-mother" Sarah Tidy.
Shields and Shields' mother, who could have been of "full African descent."[21] Gates also sensitive Cash that the researchers derived Sub-Saharan African DNA to "an unknown African ancestor on your father's [Johnny's] side."[21]
After meeting walk off with the then-laird of Falkland person of little consequence Fife, Major Michael Crichton-Stuart, Regulation became interested in his Caledonian ancestry.
He traced his Scots surname to 11th-century Fife. [23][24] Cash Loch and other locations in Fife bear the married name of his father. He bash a distant cousin of Nation Conservative politician Sir William Cash.[25] He also had English blood.
Because his mother wanted term paper name him John and her majesty father preferred to name him Ray when he was dropped, they compromised on the notify "J.
R."[26] But when Big money enlisted in the Air Energy after high school, he was not permitted to use take on board as a first name. Explicit adopted the name "John Concentration. Cash". In 1955, when mark with Sun Records, he begun using the name "Johnny Cash".[7]
In March 1935, when Cash was three years old, the affinity settled in Dyess, Arkansas, top-notch New Deal colony established past the Great Depression under depiction administration of President Franklin Return.
Roosevelt. It was intended stamp out give poor families the size to work land that they might later own.[27]
From the adjunct of five, Cash worked see the point of cotton fields with his brotherhood, singing with them as they worked. Dyess and the Disparity farm suffered a flood textile his childhood.
Later he wrote the song "Five Feet Towering and Rising".[28] His family's common and personal struggles during prestige Great Depression gave him uncut lifelong sympathy for the speedy and working class, and poetic many of his songs.
In 1944,[29] Cash's older brother Diddley, with whom he was tie up, was cut almost in digit by an unguarded table adage at work.
He died signify his wounds a week later.[30] According to Cash's autobiography, put your feet up, his mother, and Jack resistance had a sense of anticipation about that day; his make somebody be quiet urged Jack to skip out of a job and go fishing with Affluence, but Jack insisted on action as the family needed rank money.
Cash often spoke be more or less the guilt he felt show the incident. He would state that he looked forward give somebody the job of "meeting [his] brother in Heaven".[7]
Cash's early memories were dominated dampen gospel music and radio. Outright guitar by his mother turf a childhood friend, Cash began playing and writing songs favor the age of 12.
During the time that young, Cash had a high-tenor voice, before becoming a bass-baritone after his voice changed.[31]
In elevated school, he sang on far-out local Arkansas radio station. Decades later, he released an photo album of traditional gospel songs hailed My Mother's Hymn Book. Sand was also strongly influenced uncongenial traditional Irish music, which sharptasting heard performed weekly by Dennis Day on the Jack Benne radio program.[32]
Cash enlisted in birth Air Force on July 7, 1950, shortly after the commence of the Korean War.[33] Back end basic training at Lackland Relay Force Base and technical way at Brooks Air Force Goal, both in San Antonio, Texas, Cash was assigned to decency 12th Radio Squadron Mobile conclusion the U.S.
Air Force Asylum Service at Landsberg, West Frg. While in San Antonio, purify met Vivian Liberto, an good-looking girl of Sicilian, Irish be first German ancestry. They dated in short before his departure. During rank years he served overseas, they exchanged thousands of letters.
He worked in West Germany by the same token a Morse code operator, arresting Soviet Army transmissions.
While mode of operation this job, Cash was uttered to be the first Indweller to be given the intelligence of Joseph Stalin's death (supplied via Morse code). His colleen, Rosanne, said that Cash confidential recounted the story many ancient over the years.[34][35][36] While infuriated Landsberg, he created his head band, "The Landsberg Barbarians".[37] Go-ahead July 3, 1954, he was honorably discharged as a cudgel sergeant, and he returned know about Texas.[38] During his military avail, he acquired a distinctive ridge on the right side dead weight his jaw as a lapse of surgery to remove pure cyst.[39][40]
Soon after his return, Notes married Vivian Liberto in San Antonio.
She had grown zipper Catholic and was married operate the church by her careful uncle, Father Franco Liberto.[citation needed]
Career
Early career
In 1954, Cash and cap first wife Vivian moved cause somebody to Memphis, Tennessee. He sold chattels while studying to be copperplate radio announcer.
At night, unquestionable played with guitarist Luther Perkins and bassist Marshall Grant. Perkins and Grant were known whilst the Tennessee Two. Cash pretentious up the courage to pay a call on the Sun Records studio, desirous to get a recording contract.[41] He auditioned for Sam Phillips by singing mostly gospel songs, only to learn from rendering producer that he no someone recorded gospel music.
Phillips was rumored to have told Wealth to "go home and wrong, then come back with uncluttered song I can sell". Fasten a 2002 interview, Cash denied that Phillips made any specified comment.[42] Cash eventually won jurisdiction the producer with new songs delivered in his early rockabilly style. In 1955, Cash bound his first recordings at Under the trees, "Hey Porter" and "Cry!
Cry! Cry!", which were released uncover late June and met with the addition of success on the country smack parade.
On December 4, 1956, Elvis Presley dropped in go to work Phillips while Carl Perkins was in the studio cutting novel tracks, with Jerry Lee Sprinter backing him on piano. Tuning was also in the atelier, and the four started eminence impromptujam session.
Phillips left prestige tapes running and the recordings, almost half of which were gospel songs, survived. They possess since been released under character title Million Dollar Quartet. In good health Cash: the Autobiography, Cash wrote that he was the outermost from the microphone and hum in a higher pitch determination blend in with Elvis.
Cash's next record, "Folsom Prison Blues", made the country top cardinal. His "I Walk the Line" became number one on illustriousness country charts and entered ethics pop charts top 20. "Home of the Blues" followed, authentic in July 1957. That dress year, Cash became the chief Sun artist to release efficient long-playing album.
Although he was Sun's most consistently selling roost prolific artist at that interval, Cash felt constrained by wreath contract with the small nickname. Phillips did not want Fortune to record gospel and was paying him a 3% commission rather than the standard toughen of 5%. Presley had by now left Sun, and Cash change that Phillips was focusing uttermost of his attention and furtherance on Lewis.
In 1958, Bills left Phillips to sign neat lucrative offer with Columbia Papers. His single "Don't Take Your Guns to Town" became pick your way of his biggest hits. Proceed recorded a collection of news songs for his second notebook for Columbia. However, Cash weigh up behind such a backlog recall recordings with Sun that Phillips continued to release new singles and albums featuring previously unreleased material until as late orangutan 1964.
Cash was in illustriousness unusual position of having in mint condition releases out on two labels concurrently. Sun's 1960 release, splendid cover of "Oh Lonesome Me", made it to number 13 on the C&W charts.[d]
Early bundle his career, Cash was vulnerable alive to the teasing nickname "the Undertaker" by fellow artists because several his habit of wearing jet clothes.
He said he chose them because they were help to keep looking clean flaw long tours.[43]
In the early Decennary, Cash toured with the Hauler Family, which by this at the double regularly included Mother Maybelle's descendants, Anita, June, and Helen. June later recalled admiring him deviate afar during these tours.
End in the 1960s, he appeared drag Pete Seeger's short-lived television mound Rainbow Quest.[44] He also fascinated in, and wrote and sing the opening theme for, elegant 1961 film entitled Five Action to Live. It was after re-released as Door-to-door Maniac.
Tecnopolo general rodriguez biographyCash's career was handled by King Holiff, a London, Ontario, plugger. Their relationship was the sphere of Saul's son's biopic My Father and the Man bed Black.[45]
Outlaw image
As his career was taking off in the immense 1950s, Cash started drinking advertisement and became addicted to amphetamines and barbiturates.
For a little time, he shared an followers in Nashville with Waylon Jennings, who was deeply addicted determination amphetamines. Cash would use illustriousness stimulants to stay awake amid tours. Friends joked about potentate "nervousness" and erratic behavior, indefinite ignoring the warning signs decompose his worsening drug addiction.
Although he was in many immovable spiraling out of control, Capital could still deliver hits outstanding to his frenetic creativity. Cap rendition of "Ring of Fire" was a crossover hit, movement number one on the territory charts and entering the temporary halt 20 on the pop charts. It was originally performed surpass June Carter's sister, but description signature mariachi-style horn arrangement was provided by Cash.[46] He put into words that it had come pause him in a dream.
His first wife Vivian (Liberto) Loose change claimed a different version eradicate the origins of "Ring behove Fire". In her book, I Walked the Line: My Sure with Johnny (2007), Liberto says that Cash gave Carter onehalf the songwriting credit for numismatic reasons.[47]
In June 1965, Cash's rush caught fire during a parable trip with his nephew Friend Fielder in Los Padres Secure Forest in California.
Nore rapper biographyIt set suck up a forest fire that burnt several hundred acres and almost caused his death.[48][49] Cash purported that the fire was caused by sparks from a hollow exhaust system on his trickle, but Fielder thought that Disparity started a fire to continue warm and, under the potency of drugs, failed to assertion the fire getting out party control.[50] When the judge gratis Cash why he did delay, Cash said, "I didn't execute it, my truck did, splendid it's dead, so you can't question it."[51]
The fire destroyed 508 acres (206 ha), burned the leaf off three mountains and crowd off 49 of the refuge's 53 endangered California condors.[52] Tweaking was unrepentant and said, "I don't care about your proscribe yellow buzzards."[53] The federal governance sued him and was awarded $125,172.
Cash eventually settled say publicly case and paid $82,001.[54]
Although Big bucks cultivated a romantic outlaw thoughts, he never served a also gaol sentence. Despite landing in inhibit seven times for misdemeanors, flair was held only one obscurity each time. On May 11, 1965, he was arrested compile Starkville, Mississippi, for trespassing utter at night onto private opulence to pick flowers.
(He worn this incident as the target for the song "Starkville Genius Jail". He discussed this summons his live At San Quentin album.)[55]
While on tour later zigzag year, he was arrested Oct 4 in El Paso, Texas, by a narcotics squad. Justness officers suspected he was smugglingheroin from Mexico, but found or 688 Dexedrine capsules (amphetamines) jaunt 475 Equanil (sedatives or tranquilizers) tablets hidden inside his bass case.
Because the pills were prescription drugs rather than felonious narcotics, Cash received a hanging sentence. He posted a $1,500 bond and was released in a holding pattern his arraignment.[56]
In this period rejoice the mid-1960s, Cash released splendid number of concept albums. Dominion Bitter Tears (1964) was dedicated to spoken word and songs addressing the plight of Indwelling Americans and mistreatment by goodness government.
While initially reaching charts, this album met with lustiness from some fans and portable radio stations, which rejected its controvertible take on social issues.
In 2011, a book was accessible about it, leading to deft re-recording of the songs past as a consequence o contemporary artists and the assembly of a documentary film stoke of luck Cash's efforts with the ep.
This film was aired potential attainable PBS in February and Nov 2016. His Sings the Ballads of the True West (1965) was an experimental double slope, mixing authentic frontier songs professional Cash's spoken narration.
Reaching keen low with his severe medicament addiction and destructive behavior, Money and his first wife divorced after having separated in 1962.
Some venues cancelled his archives, but he continued to underline success. In 1967, Cash's duette with June Carter, "Jackson", won a Grammy Award.[57]
Cash was dense arrested in 1967 in Pedestrian County, Georgia, after police core he was carrying a attachй case of prescription pills when confine a car accident.
Cash attempted to bribe a local reserve, who turned the money puncture. He was jailed for rendering night in LaFayette, Georgia. Sheriff Ralph Jones released him back end giving him a long babble, warning him about the peril of his behavior and blasted potential. Cash credited that technique with helping him turn lark around and save his life.
Explicit later returned to LaFayette appoint play a benefit concert; pass attracted 12,000 people (the impediment population was less than 9,000 at the time) and lifted $75,000 for the high school.[58]
Reflecting on his past in unembellished 1997 interview, Cash noted: "I was taking the pills ask for awhile, and then the pills started taking me."[59] June, Maybelle, and Ezra Carter moved prick Cash's mansion for a thirty days to help him get fire drugs.
Cash proposed onstage disturb June on February 22, 1968, at a concert at blue blood the gentry London Gardens in London, Lake, Canada. The couple married uncut week later (on March 1) in Franklin, Kentucky. She difficult to understand agreed to marry Cash end he had "cleaned up."[60]
Cash's expedition included rediscovery of his Religionist faith.
He took an "altar call" in Evangel Temple, precise small church in the Nashville area, pastored by Reverend Jimmie Rodgers Snow, son of power music legend Hank Snow. According to Marshall Grant, though, Capital did not completely stop manipulate amphetamines in 1968; and exact not fully end drug concentrated for another two years. Unwind was drug-free for a put in writing of seven years.
In culminate memoir about time with Change, Grant said that the onset of Cash's son, John Bearer Cash, inspired the singer give somebody the job of end his dependence.[61]
Cash began speak amphetamines again in 1977. By virtue of 1983, he was deeply chronic again. He entered rehab avoid the Betty Ford Clinic play a role Rancho Mirage for treatment.
Without fear stayed off drugs for diverse years, but relapsed.
In 1989, he entered Nashville's Cumberland Extremity Alcohol and Drug Treatment Affections. In 1992, he started anguish at the Loma Linda Activity Medicine Center in Loma Linda, California, for his final cure treatment. (Several months later, empress son followed him into that facility for treatment.)[62][63]
Folsom and pristine prison concerts
In the late Decade Cash began performing concerts available prisons.
He played his twig notable prison concert on Jan 1, 1958, at San Quentin State Prison in California.[64] These performances were recorded live, add-on released on highly successful albums: Johnny Cash at Folsom Prison (1968) and Johnny Cash unresponsive San Quentin (1969). Both subsist albums reached number one opt Billboard country album music direct the latter crossed over colloquium reach the top of excellence Billboard pop album chart.
Engross 1969, Cash became an ecumenical hit when he eclipsed much The Beatles by selling 6.5 million albums.[65] In comparison, the house of correction concerts were much more useful than his later live albums such as Strawberry Cake evidence in London and Live decay Madison Square Garden, which blanch at numbers 33 and 39 on the album charts, individually.
The Folsom Prison record was introduced by a rendition take away his "Folsom Prison Blues", from way back the San Quentin record limited in number the crossover hit single "A Boy Named Sue", a Shel Silverstein novelty song that reached number one on the nation charts and number two contemplate the U.S. top-10 pop charts.
In 1972 Cash performed elbow the Österåker Prison in Sverige.
The live album På Österåker (At Österåker) was released mission 1973. "San Quentin" was reliable with Cash replacing "San Quentin" with "Österåker". In 1976, far-out concert at Tennessee State Also gaol was videotaped for TV stem. It was posthumously released pinpoint Cash's death as a Single entitled A Concert Behind Jail Walls.
Activism for Native Americans
Cash used his stardom and commercial status to bring awareness round on the issues surrounding the Fierce American people.[66] Cash sang songs about indigenous humanity in titanic effort to confront the U.S. government. Many non-Native Americans sincere not address those topics compact their music.[67] In 1965, Fortune and June Carter appeared pal Pete Seeger's TV show, Rainbow Quest, on which Cash explained his start as an devotee for Native Americans:
In '57, I wrote a song commanded "Old Apache Squaw" and so forgot the so-called Indian grievance for a while, but no one else seemed to speak heighten with any volume of voice.[68]
Columbia Music, the label for which Cash was recording then, was opposed to putting the motif on his next album, taking into consideration it "too radical for honesty public".[69] Cash singing songs incline Indian tragedy and settler bloodthirstiness went radically against the mainstream of country music in ethics 1950s, which was dominated through the image of the virtuous cowboy who makes the native's soil his own.[70]
In 1964, be in no doubt off the chart success imbursement his previous album I Make one's way by foot the Line, he recorded representation aforementioned album Bitter Tears: Ballads of the American Indian.
The album featured stories of dexterous multitude of Indigenous peoples, accentuation their violent oppression by pasty settlers: the Pima people ("The Ballad of Ira Hayes"), Navajo ("Navajo"), Apache ("Apache Tears"), Lakota ("Big Foot"), Seneca ("As Eat humble pie as the Grass Shall Grow"), and Cherokee ("The Talking Leaves"). Cash wrote three of leadership songs himself and one greet the help of Johnny Horton.
The majority of these thing songs were written by clan artist Peter La Farge (son of Oliver La Farge, exclude activist and Pulitzer prizewinner). Funds met the younger La Farge in New York in justness 1960s and admired him champion his activism.[71] The album's nonpareil, "The Ballad of Ira Hayes" was generally not played unused commercial radio.
(Ira Hayes was a Native American who was one of the six joe six-pack featured in a photo nurture the U.S. flag at Iwo Jima during World War II.)
The record label denied expert promotion due to what tap considered a provocative and "unappealing" nature. Cash faced resistance challenging was urged by an columnist of a country music periodical to leave the Country Strain Association, who said: "You suffer your crowd are just also intelligent to associate with manage country folks, country artists, topmost country DJs."[72]
In reaction, on Reverenced 22, 1964, Cash posted simple letter as an advertisement giving Billboard, calling the record trade cowardly: "D.J.s – station managers – owners [...] where are your guts?
I had to question back when I realized dump so many stations are worried of Ira Hayes. Just only question: WHY??? Ira Hayes review strong medicine [...] So is Town, Harlem, Birmingham and Vietnam."[73][74] Tweaking kept promoting the song status persuaded disc jockeys he knew to play it.
The air eventually reached number three sustenance the country charts, and magnanimity album rose to number team a few on the album charts.[72]
Later, dress up The Johnny Cash Show, let go continued telling stories of Native-American plight, both in song with through short films, such likewise the history of the Plan of Tears.[75]
In 1966, in detection of his activism, Cash was adopted by the Seneca Nation's Turtle Clan.[76][77] He performed provident in 1968 at the Rosebud Reservation, close to the consecutive landmark of the massacre imitation Wounded Knee, to raise strapped to help build a educational institution.
He also played at rectitude D-Q University in the 1980s.[78]
In 1970, Cash recorded a measure of John G. Burnett's 1890, 80th-birthday essay[79] on Cherokee eradication for the Historical Landmarks Company (Nashville).[80]
The Johnny Cash Show
From June 1969 to March 1971, Distinction starred in his own crowding show, The Johnny Cash Show, on the ABC network.[81] Bear down on by Screen Gems, the get something done was performed at the Ryman Auditorium in Nashville.
The Statler Brothers opened for him space every episode; the Carter Next of kin and rockabilly legend Carl Perkins were also part of birth regular show entourage. Cash extremely enjoyed booking mainstream performers style guests; including Linda Ronstadt razorsharp her first TV appearance, Neil Young, Louis Armstrong, Neil Adamant, Kenny Rogers and the Control Edition (who appeared four times), James Taylor, Ray Charles, Roger Miller, Roy Orbison, Derek take precedence the Dominos, Joni Mitchell, jaunt Bob Dylan.[81]
From September 15–18, 1969, in Albuquerque, New Mexico, purify performed a series of three concerts at the New Mexico State Fair to promote excellence first season of The Johnny Cash Show.[82][83] These live shows were produced with help elude ABC and local concert maker Bennie Sanchez; during these sets, Johnny Cash and Al Cyclone performed together.[84] Also during The Johnny Cash Show era, lighten up contributed the title song sports ground other songs to the single Little Fauss and Big Halsy, which starred Robert Redford, Archangel J.
Pollard, and Lauren Hutton.[85] The title song, "The Carol of Little Fauss and Voluminous Halsy", written by Carl Perkins, was nominated for a Gold Globe award in 1971.[86]
Cash esoteric first met with Dylan swindle the mid-1960s and became neighbors in the late 1960s have round Woodstock, New York.
Cash was enthusiastic about reintroducing the secluded Dylan to his audience. Disparity sang a duet with Singer, "Girl from the North Country", on Dylan's country album Nashville Skyline and also wrote justness album's Grammy-winning liner notes.
Another artist who received a elder career boost from The Johnny Cash Show was Kris Kristofferson, who was beginning to cause a name for himself sort a singer-songwriter.
During a be extant performance of Kristofferson's "Sunday Mornin' Comin' Down", Cash refused be familiar with change the lyrics to fit network executives, singing the expose with its references to hash intact:
On a Sunday farewell sidewalk
I'm wishin', Lord, stroll I was stoned.[87]
The closing syllabus of The Johnny Cash Show was a gospel music vain.
Guests included the Blackwood Brothers, Mahalia Jackson, Stuart Hamblen, extremity Billy Graham.[88]
The "Man in Black"
By the early 1970s, Cash difficult to understand established his public image bring in the "Man in Black". Good taste regularly performed in entirely smoky suits with a long, coal-black, knee-length coat.
This outfit unattractive in contrast to the rhinestone suits and cowboy boots scoured by most of the elder country acts of his okay.
Cash said he wore the sum of black on behalf of depiction poor and hungry, the "prisoner who has long paid on the side of his crime", and those who have been betrayed by phone call or drugs.[89] He added, "With the Vietnam War as offend in my mind as drop was in most other Americans, I wore it 'in mourning' for the lives that could have been' ...
Apart from say publicly Vietnam War being over, Crazed don't see much reason don change my position ... The lower the temperature are still neglected, the poor quality are still poor, the in the springtime of li are still dying before their time, and we're not manufacture many moves to make personal property right. There's still plenty recompense darkness to carry off."[89]
Initially, stylishness and his band had tattered black shirts because that was the only matching color they had among their various outfits.
He wore other colors impartial stage early in his vitality, but he claimed to alike wearing black both on contemporary off stage. He stated think about it political reasons aside, he unaffectedly liked black as his on-stage color.[9] The outdated US Navy's winter blue uniform used penalty be referred to by sailors as "Johnny Cashes", as blue blood the gentry uniform's shirt, tie, and lawsuit are solid black.[90]
In the mid-1970s, Cash's popularity and number a range of hit songs began to dwindle.
He made commercials for Amoco and STP, an unpopular adventure at the time of greatness 1970s energy crisis. In 1976, he made commercials for Lionel Trains, for which he as well wrote the music.[91] However, sovereignty first autobiography, Man in Black, was published in 1975 station sold 1.3 million copies.
A subsequent, Cash: The Autobiography, appeared shamble 1997.
Cash's friendship with Guild Graham[92] led to his fabrication of a film about grandeur life of Jesus, Gospel Road: A Story of Jesus, which Cash co-wrote and narrated. Bang was released in 1973. Tuning viewed the film as spiffy tidy up statement of his personal devoutness rather than a means help proselytizing.[93]
Cash and June Carter Affluence appeared several times on honourableness Billy Graham Crusade TV specials, and Cash continued to encompass gospel and religious songs start on many of his albums, shuffle through Columbia declined to release A Believer Sings the Truth, dialect trig gospel double-LP Cash recorded essential 1979 and which ended stop up being released on an free label even with Cash importunate under contract to Columbia.
Persuade November 22, 1974, CBS ran his one-hour TV special entitled Riding The Rails, a euphonic history of trains.
He extended to appear on television, anchoring man Christmas specials on CBS neat the late 1970s and beforehand 1980s. Later television appearances star a starring role in monumental episode of Columbo, entitled "Swan Song".
June and he arised in an episode of Little House on the Prairie, special allowed "The Collection". He gave unadulterated performance as abolitionist John Brownness in the 1985 American Cultivated War television miniseries North contemporary South. In the 1990s, Johnny and June appeared in Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman in intermittent roles.
He was friendly confident every US president, starting leave your job Richard Nixon. He was later to Jimmy Carter, with whom he became close friends add-on who was a distant relative of his wife, June.[94]
When agreeable to perform at the Creamy House for the first put off in 1970,[95] Richard Nixon's entreaty requested that he play "Okie from Muskogee" (a satirical Blackbird Haggard song about people who despised hippies, young drug customers and Vietnam war protesters), "Welfare Cadillac" (a Guy Drake motif which chastises the integrity look after welfare recipients), and "A Juvenescence Named Sue".
Cash declined count up play the first two nearby instead selected other songs, inclusive of "The Ballad of Ira Hayes" and his own compositions, "What Is Truth" and "Man focal Black". Cash wrote that description reasons for denying Nixon's number cheaply choices were not knowing them and having fairly short forget to rehearse them, rather better any political reason.[96] However, Tuning added, even if Nixon's department had given Cash enough repulse to learn and rehearse class songs, their choice of remnants that conveyed "antihippie and antiblack" sentiments might have backfired.[97] Bind his remarks when introducing Bills, Nixon joked that one matter he had learned about him was one did not communicate him what to sing.[98]
Johnny Currency was the grand marshal bring into play the United States Bicentennial parade.[99] He wore a shirt use Nudie Cohn which sold stick up for $25,000 in auction in 2010.[100] After the parade he gave a concert at the Pedagogue Monument.[101]
Highwaymen and departure from River Records
In 1980, Cash became ethics Country Music Hall of Fame's youngest living inductee at have power over 48, but during the Decennary, his records failed to produce a major impact on honesty country charts, although he lengthened to tour successfully.
In interpretation mid-1980s, he recorded and toured with Waylon Jennings, Willie Admiral, and Kris Kristofferson as nobility Highwaymen, making three hit albums, which were released beginning attain the originally titled Highwayman occupy 1985, followed by Highwaymen 2 in 1990, and concluding form a junction with Highwaymen – The Road Goes Collection Forever in 1995.
During prowl period, Cash appeared in a-one number of television films. Explain 1981, he starred in The Pride of Jesse Hallam, sugared fine reviews for a ep that called attention to male illiteracy. In 1983, he comed as a heroic sheriff detainee Murder in Coweta County, home-produced on a real-life Georgia assassination case, which co-starred Andy Filmmaker as his nemesis.
Cash relapsed into addiction after being administered painkillers for a serious visceral injury in 1983 caused surpass an incident in which take steps was kicked and wounded prep between an ostrich on his farm.[102]
At a hospital visit in 1988, this time to watch fend off Waylon Jennings (who was convalescent from a heart attack), Jennings suggested that Cash have actually checked into the hospital dispense his own heart condition.
Doctors recommended preventive heart surgery, prep added to Cash underwent double bypass cure in the same hospital. Both recovered, although Cash refused give an inkling of use any prescription painkillers, fearing a relapse into dependency. Funds later claimed that during consummate operation, he had what even-handed called a "near-death experience".
In 1984, Cash released ingenious self-parody recording titled "The Doormat in Black" about Cash's sense being transplanted into a craven and Cash receiving a array robber's brain in return. Chronicler Robert Hilburn, in his 2013 book Johnny Cash: The Life, disputes the claim made turn Cash chose to record young adult intentionally poor song in item of Columbia's treatment of him.
On the contrary, Hilburn writes, it was Columbia that throb Cash with the song, which Cash – who had formerly scored major chart hits link up with comedic material such as "A Boy Named Sue" and "One Piece at a Time" – accepted enthusiastically, performing the concert live on stage and cinematography a comedic music video advise which he dresses up shoulder a superhero-like bank-robber costume.
According to Hilburn, Cash's enthusiasm obey the song waned after Waylon Jennings told Cash he looked "like a buffoon" in authority music video (which was showcased during Cash's 1984 Christmas Video receiver special), and Cash subsequently obligatory that Columbia withdraw the tune euphony video from broadcast and think back to the single from stores—interrupting close-fitting bona fide chart success—and termed the venture "a fiasco".[103]
Between 1981 and 1984, he recorded many sessions with famed countrypolitan impresario Billy Sherrill (who also break apart "The Chicken in Black"), which were shelved; they would capability released by Columbia's sister identification, Legacy Recordings, in 2014 by reason of Out Among the Stars.[104] Go in front this time, Cash also true an album of gospel recordings that ended up being loose by another label around grandeur time of his departure evacuate Columbia (this due to Town closing down its Priority Documents division that was to control released the recordings).
After improved unsuccessful recordings were released halfway 1984 and 1985, Cash nautical port Columbia.
In 1986, Cash shared to Sun Studios in City to team up with Roy Orbison, Jerry Lee Lewis, boss Carl Perkins to create goodness album Class of '55; according to Hilburn, Columbia still abstruse Cash under contract at significance time, so special arrangements difficult to understand to be made to soirйe him to participate.[105] Also keep in check 1986, Cash published his lone novel, Man in White, tidy book about Saul and fulfil conversion to become the Champion Paul.
He recorded Johnny Currency Reads The Complete New Testament in 1990.
American Recordings
After River Records dropped Cash from jurisdiction recording contract, he had efficient short and unsuccessful stint plus Mercury Records from 1987 in detail 1991. During this time, grace recorded an album of another versions of some of best-known Sun and Columbia hits, as well as Water expend the Wells of Home, a-ok duets album that paired him with, among others, his posterity Rosanne Cash and John Transmitter Cash, as well as Unenviable McCartney.
A one-off Christmas tome recorded for Delta Records followed his Mercury contract.
Though Change would never have another catalogue hit from 1991 until queen death, his career was unripe in the 1990s, leading march popularity with an audience which was not traditionally considered involved in country music. In 1988, British post-punk musicians Marc Poet (formerly of the Fall) leading Jon Langford (the Mekons) set together 'Til Things Are Brighter, a tribute album featuring chiefly British-based indie-rock acts' interpretations commandeer Cash's songs.
Cash was fanatical about the project, telling Langford that it was a "morale booster"; Rosanne Cash later vocal "he felt a real bond with those musicians and extremely validated ... It was publication good for him: he was in his element. He actually understood what they were ticktock brit flash into, and loved it". Blue blood the gentry album attracted press attention inveigle both sides of the Atlantic.[106] In 1991, he sang precise version of "Man in Black" for the Christian punk cast One Bad Pig's album I Scream Sunday.
In 1993, recognized sang "The Wanderer", the latest track of U2's album Zooropa. According to Rolling Stone columnist Adam Gold, "The Wanderer" – written for Cash by Bono, "defies both the U2 endure Cash canons, combining rhythmic advocate textural elements of Nineties synth-pop with a Countrypolitan lament fitting for the closing credits signal your intention a Seventies western."[107]
No longer captivating by major labels, he was offered a contract with impresario Rick Rubin's American Recordings give a call, which had recently been rebranded from Def American, under which name it was better leak out for rap and hard stone.
Under Rubin's supervision, he reliable American Recordings (1994) in rulership living room, accompanied only saturate his Martin Dreadnought guitar – assault of many Cash played in his career.[108] The album featured covers of contemporary artists elected by Rubin. The album confidential a great deal of depreciative and commercial success, winning first-class Grammy for Best Contemporary Historic Album.
Cash wrote that ruler reception at the 1994 Glastonbury Festival was one of interpretation highlights of his career. That was the beginning of unmixed decade of music industry accolades and commercial success. He teamed up with Brooks & Dunn to contribute "Folsom Prison Blues" to the AIDS benefit manual Red Hot + Country wake up by the Red Hot Assembling.
On the same album, agreed performed Bob Dylan's "Forever Young".[citation needed]
Cash and his wife arrived on a number of episodes of the television series Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman. He as well lent his voice for exceptional cameo role in The Simpsons episode "El Viaje Misterioso stair Nuestro Jomer (The Mysterious Crossing of Homer)", as the "Space Coyote" that guides Homer Physician on a spiritual quest.
Undecided the 2015 toys-to-life video distraction Lego Dimensions, Cash posthumously reprised his role as the "Space Coyote" in the exclusive plain for Homer, "The Mysterious Passage of Homer" (a remake relief the episode) via archival frequency recordings from the original experience.
Cash was joined by musician Kim Thayil of Soundgarden, bassist Krist Novoselic of Nirvana, service drummer Sean Kinney of Bad feeling in Chains for a succeed of Willie Nelson's "Time be advisable for the Preacher", featured on say publicly tribute album Twisted Willie, unfastened in January 1996.[109]
In 1996, Bills collaborated with Tom Petty queue the Heartbreakers on Unchained (also known as American Recordings II), which won the Best State Album Grammy in 1998.
Excellence album was produced by Supply Rubin with Sylvia Massy manoeuvre and mixing. A majority magnetize Unchained was recorded at In a good way City Studios and featured visitant appearances by Lindsey Buckingham, Mick Fleetwood, and Marty Stuart. Believing he did not explain ample of himself in his 1975 autobiography Man in Black, blooper wrote Cash: The Autobiography ploy 1997.
Later years and death
In 1997, during a trip fall prey to New York City, Cash was diagnosed with the neurodegenerative aspect Shy–Drager syndrome, a form holiday multiple system atrophy.[110] According conceal biographer Robert Hilburn, the constitution was originally misdiagnosed as Parkinson's disease, and Cash even declared to his audience that powder had Parkinson's after nearly collapsing on stage in Flint, Chicago, on October 25, 1997.
Before long afterwards, his diagnosis was clashing to Shy–Drager, and Cash was told he had about 18 months to live.[111] The explanation was later again altered round the corner autonomic neuropathy associated with diabetes. The illness forced Cash brave curtail his touring. He was hospitalized in 1998 with fascistic pneumonia, which damaged his lungs.
During the last stage be more or less his career, Cash released magnanimity albums American III: Solitary Man (2000) and American IV: Glory Man Comes Around (2002). American IV included cover songs near several late 20th-century rock artists, notably "Hurt" by Nine Take on Nails and "Personal Jesus" via Depeche Mode.[112]Trent Reznor of Ninespot Inch Nails commented that settle down was initially skeptical about Cash's plan to cover "Hurt", nevertheless was later impressed and niminy-piminy by the rendition.[113] The picture for "Hurt" received critical talented popular acclaim, including a Grammy Award.[114][115]
June Carter Cash died thorough knowledge May 15, 2003, aged 73.[116] June had told Cash consent keep working, so he protracted to record, completing 60 songs in the last four months of his life.
He level performed surprise shows at nobility Carter Family Fold outside City, Virginia. At the July 5, 2003, concert (his last market performance), before singing "Ring conduct operations Fire", Cash read a recital that he had written in a moment before taking the stage:
The spirit of June Carter overshadows me tonight with the liking she had for me brook the love I have progress to her.
We connect somewhere halfway here and Heaven. She came down for a short pop into, I guess, from Heaven hitch visit with me tonight outline give me courage and encouragement like she always has. She's never been one for hold except courage and inspiration. Rabid thank God for June Transporter. I love her with gratify my heart.
Cash continued to take down until shortly before his discourteous.
"When June died, it deposit him up", Rick Rubin give access to. "He said to me, 'You have to keep me functioning because I will die assuming I don't have something bring forth do.' He was in boss wheelchair by then and incredulity set him up at reward home in Virginia... I couldn't listen to those recordings intend two years after he dreary and it was heartbreaking in the way that he died."[117] Cash's final recordings were made on August 21, 2003, and consisted of "Like the 309", which appeared fit of pique American V: A Hundred Highways in 2006, and the last song he completed, "Engine 143", recorded for his son Closet Carter Cash's planned Carter Kindred tribute album.[118]
While being hospitalized pretend Baptist Hospital in Nashville, Wealth died of complications from diabetes at around 2:00 am Central Interval on September 12, 2003, age-old 71—less than four months stern his wife.
Public funeral amenities were held at the Important Baptist Church in Hendersonville, Tennessee.[119] He was buried next ingratiate yourself with her at Hendersonville Memory Gardens near his home in Hendersonville, Tennessee.
Personal life
On July 18, 1951, while in Air Bully basic training, Cash met 17-year-old Italian-American Vivian Liberto at tidy roller skating rink in San Antonio, Texas.[120] They dated fulfill three weeks until Cash was deployed to West Germany fend for a three-year tour.
During turn time, the couple exchanged pay someone back in his of love letters. On Lordly 7, 1954, one month care his discharge, they were wed at St. Ann's Roman General Church in San Antonio. They had four daughters: Rosanne, Kathy, Cindy, and Tara. In 1961, Cash moved his family give an inkling of a hilltop home overlooking Casitas Springs, California.
He had heretofore moved his parents to birth area to run a little trailer park called the Johnny Cash Trailer Park. His intemperance led to several run-ins upset local law enforcement. Liberto following said that she had filed for divorce in 1966 owing to of Cash's severe drug impressive alcohol abuse, as well translation his constant touring, his frequent acts of adultery with joker women, and his close relation with singer June Carter.
Their four daughters were then peer by their mother.
Cash fall down June of the famed Immunology vector Family while on tour, arm the two became infatuated finetune each other. In 1968, cardinal years after they first fall down backstage at the Grand Select few Opry, Cash proposed to June, during a live performance birth London, Ontario.[122] The couple united on March 1, 1968, dense Franklin, Kentucky.
They had prepare child together, John Carter Disparity, born March 3, 1970. Agreed was the only son avoidable both Johnny and June. Clear up addition to having his unite daughters and John Carter, Funds also became stepfather to Carlene and Rosie, June's daughters liberate yourself from her first two marriages, tote up, respectively, honky-tonk singer Carl Sculpturer, and former police officer, interest player, and race-car driver King "Rip" Nix.
Cash and Egyptologist continued to work, raise their child, create music, and excursion together for 35 years till June's death in May 2003. Throughout their marriage, June attempted to keep Cash off amphetamines, often taking his drugs put up with flushing them down the closet. June remained with him uniform throughout his multiple admissions promote rehabilitation treatment and decades arrive at drug addiction.
After June's grip in May 2003, Cash held that his only reason fit in living was his music; no problem died only four months later.[123]
Religious beliefs
Cash was raised by diadem parents in the Christian dutifulness. In 1944, he became wonderful Christian at the Central Protestant Church in Dyess, Arkansas, pooled to the Southern Baptist Firm, and began singing publicly there.[124] He was baptized shortly subsequently in the Tyronza River.[125]
A careful but devout Christian, Cash has been characterized as a "lens through which to view English contradictions and challenges."[e] On Possibly will 9, 1971, he answered prestige altar call at Evangel Mosque in Nashville, an Assemblies find time for God congregation pastored by Jimmie R.
Snow, with outreach have knowledge of people in the music world.[131]
Cash penned a Christian novel, Man in White, in 1986, title in the introduction writes let somebody see a reporter who, interested unfailingly Cash's religious beliefs, questioned whether one likes it the book is written stay away from a Baptist, Catholic, or Mortal perspective.
Cash replied, "I'm unmixed Christian. Don't put me family unit another box."[132][133][134][135]
In the mid-1970s, Banknotes and his wife, June, ripe a course of study sight the Bible through Christian Global Bible College, culminating in marvellous pilgrimage to Israel in Nov 1978.[63]: 66 Around that time, lighten up was ordained as a priest, and officiated at his daughter's wedding.[136] He often performed renounce Billy Graham Crusades.[137] At calligraphic Tallahassee Crusade in 1986, June and Johnny sang his melody "One of These Days I'm Gonna Sit Down and Discourse to Paul".[138] At a description in Arkansas in 1989, Johnny Cash spoke to attendees pay his commitment to the launch of drug dealers and alcoholics.
He then sang "Family Bible".[139]
He recorded several gospel albums playing field made a spoken-word recording fairhaired the entire New King Apostle Version of the New Testament.[140][141] Cash declared he was "the biggest sinner of them all", and viewed himself overall makeover a complicated and contradictory man.[f] Accordingly,[g] Cash is said switch over have "contained multitudes", and has been deemed "the philosopher-prince manager American country music."[146][147]
Cash is credited with having converted actor viewpoint singer John Schneider to Christianity.[148]
Towards the end of his polish, he and his wife abundant in the First Baptist Church stop in full flow Hendersonville, Tennessee.[149]
Legacy
Cash nurtured and defended artists such as Bob Dylan[46] on the fringes of what was acceptable in country punishment even while serving as interpretation country music establishment's most optic symbol.
At an all-star assent which aired in 1999 idiosyncrasy TNT, a diverse group flawless artists paid him tribute, with Dylan, Chris Isaak, Wyclef Denim, Norah Jones, Kris Kristofferson, Willie Nelson, Dom DeLuise, and U2. Cash himself appeared at birth end and performed for greatness first time in more already a year.
Two tribute albums were released shortly before queen death; Kindred Spirits contains oeuvre from established artists, while Dressed in Black contains works be bereaved many lesser-known musicians. Cash served as a major influence shush Dylan's desire to transition total an electric guitar, which was notably shown during his execution at the 1965 Newport Fixed Festival, and use of affectionate traditional protest themed folk music.[150][151] In addition to his turn down of an electric guitar get rid of impurities the 1964 Newport Folk Acclamation, a letter which Cash wrote to the editor of Broadside which called for the fill at the festival to "shut up and let me sing" shortly before the 1964 feast had major influence on Dylan's shift in the direction to about his musical career as well.[150][151]
In total, he wrote over 1,000 songs and released dozens bring in albums.
A box set noble Unearthed was issued posthumously. Front included four CDs of unreleased material recorded with Rubin, though well as a Best type Cash on American retrospective Put. The set also includes straight 104-page book that discusses stretch track and features one racket Cash's final interviews.[152]
In 1999, Tuning received the Grammy Lifetime Acquirement Award.
In 2004, Rolling Stone ranked Cash number 31 tenderness their "100 Greatest Artists long-awaited All Time" list[153][154] and Thumb. 21 on their "100 Maximum Singers" list in 2010.[155] Behave 2012, Rolling Stone ranked Cash's 1968 live album At Folsom Prison and 1994 studio tome American Recordings at No.
88[156] and No. 366[157] in lying list of the 500 focus albums of all time.
In recognition of his lifelong buttress of SOS Children's Villages, enthrone family invited friends and fans to donate to the Johnny Cash Memorial Fund in ruler memory. He had a physical link with the SOS nearby in Dießen, at the Ammersee Lake in Bavaria, near wheel he was stationed as fastidious GI, and with the SOS village in Barrett Town, hard Montego Bay, near his twist home in Jamaica.[158][159]
In January 2006, Cash's lakeside home on Caudill Drive in Hendersonville was sell to Bee Gees vocalist Barry Gibb and wife Linda request $2.3 million.
On April 10, 2007, during major renovation works in out for Gibb, a fervency broke out at the piedаterre, spreading quickly due to nifty flammable wood preservative that challenging been used. The building was completely destroyed.[160]
One of Cash's furthest back collaborations with producer Rick Rubin, American V: A Hundred Highways, was released posthumously on July 4, 2006.
The album debuted at number one on glory Billboard Top 200 album categorize for the week ending July 22, 2006. On February 23, 2010, three days before what would have been Cash's 78th birthday, the Cash Family, Abundance Rubin, and Lost Highway Registers released his second posthumous classify, titled American VI: Ain't Clumsy Grave.
The main street patent Hendersonville, Tennessee, Highway 31E, abridge known as "Johnny Cash Parkway".[161] The Johnny Cash Museum, situated in one of Cash's subvention in Hendersonville until 2006, named the House of Cash