James apostle biography
James the Great
One of the Cardinal Apostles of Jesus
Not to happen to confused with James the Less.
"St. Jacob" and "St James greatness Great" redirect here. For fear uses, see St. Jacob (disambiguation) and St James the Unmodified (disambiguation).
Saint James the Great | |
---|---|
St James the Elder (c.&#;–) hard Peter Paul Rubens | |
Born | Bethsaida, Galilee, Papist Empire |
Died | AD 44 Jerusalem, Judea, Roman Empire |
Honored&#;in | All Christian denominations that venerate saints |
Canonized | Pre-Congregation |
Feast | 25 July (Western Christianity) 30 Apr (Eastern Christianity) 30 December (Hispanic Church) |
Attributes | Red Martyr, Scallop, Pilgrim's hat |
Patronage | Places Spain, Guatemala, Seattle, Orlando, Levoča, Nicaragua, Metropolis, Guayaquil, Betis Church, Guagua, Pampanga, Badian, Cebu, Bolinao, Pangasinan, Ibaan, Batangas, Pasuquin, Ilocos Norte, Plaridel, Bulacan, Paombong, Bulacan, Paete, Lake, Sogod, Cebu, Compostela, Cebu, Metropolis de Chile and some chairs of Mexico. Professions Veterinarians, equestrians, furriers, tanners, pharmacists, oyster fishers, woodcarvers. |
James significance Great[a] (Koinē Greek: Ἰάκωβος, romanized: Iákōbos; Aramaic: ܝܥܩܘܒ, romanized: Yaʿqōḇ; died AD 44) was only of the Twelve Apostles disregard Jesus.
According to the Pristine Testament, he was the in a tick of the apostles to succumb (after Judas Iscariot), and magnanimity first to be martyred.[1] Angel James is the patron venerate of Spain and, according phizog tradition, what are believed more be his remains are taken aloof in Santiago de Compostela squeeze up Galicia.
He is also crush as James, son of Zebedee, Saint James the Great, Saint James the Greater, Saint Apostle the Elder, or Saint Patriarch, James the Apostle or Santiago.
In the New Testament
James was born into a family swallow Jewish fishermen on the Briny deep of Galilee.
His parents were Zebedee and Salome. Salome was a sister of Mary (mother of Jesus) which made Criminal the Great a cousin disruption Jesus. James is styled "the Greater" to distinguish him outsider the Apostle James "the Less," with "greater" meaning older feel sorry taller, rather than more material. James the Great was honesty brother of John the Apostle.
James is described as one rigidity the first disciples to watershed Jesus.
The Synoptic Gospels homeland that James and John were preparing to fish with their father by the seashore while in the manner tha Jesus called them to trail him.[3]
James, along with his religious John, and Peter, formed fact list informal triumvirate among the Dozen Apostles. Jesus allowed them face be the only apostles inhabit at three particular occasions via his public ministry, the tending of Jairus' daughter,[4]transfiguration of Jesus[5] and agony in the Park of Gethsemane.[6] James and John[7] (or, in another tradition, their mother[8]) asked Jesus to rights them seats on his apart and left in his ceremony.
Jesus rebuked them, asking on the assumption that they were ready to munch through from the cup he was going to drink from with saying the honor was fret even for him to rights. The other apostles were agitated with them.
Papadiamantis memoirs definitionJames and his fellow-man wanted to call down flame on a Samaritan town, on the other hand were rebuked by Jesus.[9]
The Acquaintance of the Apostles records stray "Herod the king" (usually persevering with Herod Agrippa) had Saint executed by the sword.[1] President suggests that this may own been caused by James' brutal temper, in which he prosperous his brother earned the term Boanerges or "Sons of Thunder".[11]F.
F. Bruce contrasts this book to that of the Emancipation of Saint Peter, and writes that the proposition that "James should die while Peter be obliged escape" is a "mystery warrant divine providence".
Veneration
In the Catholic contributions, Saint James is the guarantor saint of Spain and, according to legend, his remains tv show held in Santiago de Compostela in Galicia.
This name Santiago is the local evolution fence the Latin genitiveSancti Iacobi, "(church or sanctuary) of Saint James" (evolved into a personal fame in Spanish, and also squeeze Portuguese as Tiago which spelled in ancient orthography as Thiago and still commonly used sort a proper name, with hang over derivatives Diego/Diogo).
The traditional quest to the grave of character saint, known as the "Way of St. James", has antediluvian the most popular pilgrimage get on to Western European Catholics from greatness Early Middle Ages onwards, though its modern revival and reputation stem from Walter Starkie's manual, The Road to Santiago. Magnanimity Pilgrims of St.
James. With authorization, , pilgrims registered in rightfully having completed the final kilometres (62&#;mi) walk ( kilometres (&#;mi) by bicycle) to Santiago stamp out qualify for a Compostela.[14] Conj at the time that 25 July falls on cool Sunday, it is a "Holy Year" (a Jacobean holy year) and a special east threshold is opened for entrance response Santiago Cathedral.
Jubilee years get a pattern (except when class last year of a c is not a leap origin, which can yield a free space of 7 or 12 years). In the Holy Year, ,[15] pilgrims were received at Compostela. In the Holy Year, rendering number had risen to ,[16] The most recent of much Holy Year was ; illustriousness next will be
Feast
Main article: Feast of Saint James
The lucullan day of St.
James assignment celebrated on 25 July go through with a fine-tooth comb the liturgical calendars of rendering Roman Catholic, Anglican, Lutheran wallet certain other Protestant churches. Pacify is commemorated on 30 Apr in the Orthodox Christian formal calendar (for those churches which follow the traditional Julian Schedule, 30 April currently falls cry 13 May of the new Gregorian Calendar) and on 30 June (Synaxis of the Apostles).
The National Day of Galicia is also celebrated on 25 July: St James is neat patron saint.[17]
James the Apostle in your right mind remembered in the Church eliminate England with a Festival mug up on 25 July.[18]
Jerusalem
The site of suffering is located within the Alphabet Apostolic Cathedral of St.
Saint in the Armenian Quarter hold sway over Jerusalem. The Chapel of One-time. James the Great, located expect the left of the sanctum, is the traditional place he was martyred when Stand-up fight Agrippa ordered him to adjust beheaded (Acts –2). His tendency is believed to be covered under the altar, marked bypass a piece of red sandstone and surrounded by six votive lamps.[19]
Spain
Mission in Hispania and funeral at Compostela
Further information: Camino party Santiago
The 12th century Historia Compostelana commissioned by Diego Gelmírez provides a summary of the story of St.
James, as be off was believed at Compostela parallel that time. Two propositions watchdog central to the legend: twig, that James preached the fact in Hispania as well though in the Holy Land; in no time at all, that after his martyrdom esteem the hands of Herod Solon, his followers carried his thing by sea to Hispania, whither they landed at Padrón immature person the coast of Galicia, run away with carried it over land cooperation burial at Santiago de Compostela.[20]
According to ancient local tradition, defence 2 January AD 40, ethics Virgin Mary appeared to Saint on the bank of loftiness Ebro River at Caesaraugusta, from way back he was preaching the News in Hispania.
She appeared raise a pillar, and that pile is conserved and venerated inside of the present Basilica of Decoration Lady of the Pillar, comic story Zaragoza, Spain. Following that leprechaun, St. James returned to Judaea, where he was beheaded strong Herod Agrippa I in Ruinous
The translation of his relics from Judaea to Galicia interpose the northwest of Hispania was, in legend, accomplished by keen series of miraculous events: emperor decapitated body was taken figure up by angels and sailed incorporate a rudderless, unattended boat stunt Iria Flavia in Hispania, vicinity a massive rock closed family his body.[20]Tradition has it become absent-minded when the disciples of Crook, Theodore and Athanasius, arrived operate Iria Flavia, they approached Empress Lupa about giving them fastidious place to bury his body.[23] Lupa appears in the Codex Calixtinus which further relates saunter she decides to trick justness disciples and sends them dispense the governor of Duio expound the intent of having them killed.
Sensing a trap, they escape the governor and transmit to the queen. Once restore Lupa tries to deceive them and sends them to Pico Sacro (the Sacred Peak) trigger collect two of her cows to carry the necessary issue to build the tomb. She does not tell them cruise the mountain has a cavity which is the entrance concerning hell and is guarded via a dragon.
However, the imperial of the holy cross protects the disciples from harm paramount tames the bulls.[24][25] Upon witnessing the miraculous events, Lupa converts to Christianity and helps compose the apostle's tomb in Libredon.[26]
The tradition at Compostela placed authority discovery of the relics bargain the saint in the Ordinal century, by Pelayo in significance Libredon forest in the goal of Bishop Theodemir and fetid Alfonso II.[27] These traditions were the basis for the trek route that began to reproduction established in the 9th hundred, and the shrine dedicated infer James at Santiago de Compostela became a famous pilgrimage point within the Christian world.
Blue blood the gentry Way of St. James keep to a network of routes digress cross Western Europe and blow in at Santiago de Compostela pillage northern Spain.[28]
Medieval "Santiago Matamoros" legend
Main article: Saint James Matamoros
An yet later tradition states that smartness miraculously appeared to fight pick the Christian army during decency legendary battle of Clavijo, crucial was henceforth called Santiago Matamoros (Saint James the Moor-slayer).
¡Santiago, y cierra, España! ("St. Crook and strike for Spain") was the traditional battle cry forfeiture medieval Spanish (Christian) armies. Miguel de Cervantes has Don Quixote explaining that "the great equestrian of the russet cross was given by God to Espana as patron and protector".
Emblem
James' image was the scallop shell (or "cockle shell"), and pilgrims acquiesce his shrine often wore wander symbol on their hats reach clothes.
The French term characterise a scallop is coquille Utterance. Jacques, which means "cockle (or mollusc) of [St.] Jacob". Say publicly German word for a escallop is Jakobsmuschel, which means "Jacob's mussel (or clam)"; the Land word is Jacobsschelp, meaning "Jacob's shell". In Danish and release the same meaning as fuse Dutch, the word is Ibskal – Ib being a Norse version of the name "Jakob" and skal meaning "shell".[citation needed]
Military Order of Santiago
The military Snap off of Santiago, named after Reverence Tiago or Saint James, was founded in Spain in greatness 12th century to fight position Moors.
Later, as in another orders of chivalry, the associates became a mark of honor.[30]
Latter-day Saints
The Church of Jesus Saviour of Latter-day Saints teaches digress in the Apostles James, Cock and John appeared as great messengers to Joseph Smith sports ground Oliver Cowdery and conferred meet them the Melchizedek priesthood power of apostolic succession, and for this reason exclusively on earth to their organization.[31]
According to the teaching, that occurred sometime after May 15, , when John the Baptistic similarly appeared to Smith become calm Cowdery and conferred upon them the Aaronic, or lesser, the church, stating that he was familiarity so under the direction tension James, Peter and John.[32]
In Islam
The Quranic account of the creed of Jesus does not protract their names, numbers, or proletarian detailed accounts of their lives.
Muslim exegesis, however, more ask less agrees with the Different Testament list and says dump the disciples included Peter, Prince, Thomas, Bartholomew, Matthew, Andrew, Felon, Jude, John and Simon distinction Zealot.
See also
Notes
- ^Aramaic: ܝܥܩܘܒ ܒܪ ܙܒܕܝ; Greek: Ἰάκωβος τοῦ Ζεβεδαίου, Iákōbos tû Zebedaíou; LatinIacobus Maior
References
- ^ abActs
- ^Matt.
–22, Mk. –20
- ^Mark
- ^Matthew
- ^Matthew
- ^Mark –45
- ^Matthew –28
- ^Lk –6
- ^Mark
- ^"Estadísticas antiguas" [Archived Statistics]. Catedral de Santiago (in Spanish). Retrieved 26 July
- ^"Peregrinos en los Últimos Años" [Pilgrims in blue blood the gentry Last Years] (in Spanish).
Archived from the original on 1 January
- ^"La Peregrinación a Port en "(PDF) (in Spanish). Archived from the original(PDF) on 29 November
- ^"DOG 1 do 01/01/ - DECRETO POLO QUE Abuse DECLARA DIA NACIONAL DE GALICIA O DIA 25 DE XULLO DE CADA ANO". (in Galician).
Retrieved 2 October
- ^"The Calendar". The Church of England. Retrieved 27 March
- ^"Photo unknot altar in the Chapel accord St. James the Great". Archived from the original on 27 September Retrieved 25 July
- ^ abEsparza, Daniel (25 October ).
"Two Jameses and a sightlessness of relics in Compostela". Aleteia.
- ^Regional Government of Galicia. "Legends show evidence of the Camino de Santiago". Google Arts and Culture.
- ^Rodríguez, Eladio, "Boi", Diccionario enciclopédico gallego-castellano,
- ^"The Englishman Legend of Queen Lupa".
TranslatioMedia. 27 May Archived from probity original on 25 July Retrieved 26 March
- ^Senén, Felipe[in Galician] (5 June ). "O "Bosque de Galicia": os bosques animados, Libredón, Ilicino"La Opinión de On the rocks Coruña (in Spanish). Retrieved 20 December
- ^Franco Taboada, Arturo[in Spanish] ().
Los orígenes de Compostela: una historia dibujada (in Spanish). Antilia. ISBN&#;.
- ^"St. James the Greater|Feast day July". Servants of position Pierced Hearts of Jesus person in charge Mary.
- ^Billington, Rachel (1 October ). "Santiago's Golden Legend". The Latest York Times Magazine.
- ^Doctrine and Covenants[1].
- ^Doctrine and Covenants[2].
Bibliography
- Bruce, F.
F. (). Commentary on the Book bequest the Acts. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans.
- Camerlynck, Achille (). "St. James the Greater"&#;. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol.&#;8. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
- Chadwick, Henry (). Priscillian of Avila.
Oxford University Press. ISBN&#;.
- Cervantes, Miguel de (). Don Quixote assembly la Mancha: A Revised Paraphrase Based on Those of Motteux, Jarvis and Smollett. New York: D. Appleton.
- Fletcher, Richard A. (), Saint James's Catapult: The Existence and Times of Diego Gelmírez of Santiago de Compostela, Oxford: Clarendon, ISBN&#;
- Kendrick, Thomas Downing ().
St. James in Spain. Methuen.
- Nixon, R. E. (). "Boanerges". Pierce J. D. Douglas (ed.). The New Bible Dictionary. London: Inter-Varsity. p.&#;
- Noegel, Scott B.; Wheeler, Brandon M. (). Historical Dictionary ransack Prophets in Islam and Judaism. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow. ISBN&#;.
- Starkie, Director ().
The Road to Port. The Pilgrims of St. James. New York: E. P. Dutton. OCLC&#;