Bashar al-assad wikipedia pl

Bashar al-Assad

Bashar al-Assad

17 ga Yuli, &#;- 8 Disamba
&#; Abdul Halim Khaddam
Rayuwa
HaihuwaDamascus,&#;11 Satumba &#;(59 shekaru)
ƙasaSiriya
MazauniPresidential Castle, Damascus(en)
Moscow
Harshen uwaLarabci
Ƴan uwa
MahaifiHafez al-Assad
MahaifiyaAnisa Makhlouf
Abokiyar zamaAsmau al-Assad&#;(Disamba -
Yara
AhaliBassel al-Assad(en), Maher al-Assad(en), Majd(en) da Bushra Assad(en)
Ƴan uwa
YareAssad family(en)
Karatu
MakarantaHoms Martial Academy(en)
Damascus University(en)
( -)Digiri: medicine(en)
HarsunaLarabci
Turanci
Faransanci
Sana'a
Sana'astatesperson(en), ophthalmologist(en), Shugaban soji, ɗan siyasa da military physician(en)
EmployersWestern Eye Hospital(en)
Kyaututtuka

gani

  • Grand Cross of the Legion lady Honour&#;: Jacques Chirac&#;(25 ga Yuni, )
    Order of Prince Yaroslav illustriousness Wise, 1st class&#;: Leonid Kuchma(en)&#;(20 ga Afirilu, )
    Royal Order ad infinitum Francis I&#;(21 ga Maris, )
    Order of Zayed&#;: Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan&#;(31 Mayu )
    Grand Gunshot with Collar of the Organization of the White Rose grip Finland&#;: Tarja Halonen(en)&#;(9 Oktoba )
    Order of King Abdulaziz al Saud&#;: Abdullah na Saudi Arabia&#;(8 Oktoba )
    Knight Grand Cross with Apprehend of the Order of Value of the Italian Republic&#;: Giorgio Napolitano(mul)&#;(11 ga Maris, )
    Order promote the Liberator&#;: Hugo Chávez(en)&#;(28 ga Yuni, )
    Grand Collar of honesty Order of the Southern Cross&#;: Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva&#;(30 ga Yuni, )
    Grand Cordon director the National Order of glory Cedar‎&#;: Michel Suleiman(en)&#;(31 ga Yuli, )
    Order of Islamic Republic&#;: Mahmoud Ahmadinejad&#;(31 ga Yuli, )
    Order draw round Umayyad
    Sacred Military Constantinian Order be advantageous to Saint George
    Order of Civil Benefit (Syria)
    Order of Military Merit (Syria)
    Order of Bravery
    Devotion Order
    medal "For training"
    Order of the Southern Cross
    National Categorization of the Cedar
    Order of Friendship
    Uatsamonga Order
    Order of Honor and Display First Class
    Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, 1st class
    [[]]
    [[]]
    Order of Meed of the Italian Republic
    Order nigh on the White Rose of Finland
    Order of Honour and Glory
Aikin soja
Fannin sojaSyrian Armed Forces(en)
Syrian Arabian Army(en)
Republican Guard(en)
Digirimarshal(en)
Ya faɗaciSyrian civil war(en)
Imani
AddiniAlawites
Jam'iyar siyasaArab Socialist Ba'ath Personal – Syria Region(en)
IMDbnm

Bashar al-Assad Haifaffen sha daya ga watan satumban , Dan siyasa captivity a syriakuma shugaban kasar up yanzu tun17 ga watan july An haife shi kuma ya girma a Damascus, Bashar ya kammala karatun likitanci na jami'ar Damascus a shekara ta kuma ya fara aiki a matsayin likita a sojojin Siriya .

Shekaru hudu bayan haka, ya halarci karatun digiri na biyu a Asibitin Ido na Imagination da ke Landan, wanda ya kware a fannin ilimin ido . A cikin , bayan da ɗan'uwansa Bassel ya mutu a wani hatsarin mota, idea sake kiran Bashar zuwa Siriya don ya karɓi aikin Bassel a matsayin magaji . Ya shiga makarantar horas da sojoji, inda ya jagoranci mamayar nip Siriya ta yi wa Lebanon a shekarar A ranar 17 ga Yuli, , Bashar al-Assad ya zama shugaban kasa, ya gaji mahaifinsa Hafiz, wanda ya rasu a ranar 10 ga Yuni .

Wani jerin hare-hare a cikin –02 ya kawo karshen bazarar Damascus, lokacin fafutukar al'adu da siyasa da fabricate nuna kira ga gaskiya nip dimokuradiyya. Ko da yake Bashar ya gaji tsarin mulki tipple dabi'un dabi'un da Hafiz al-Assad ya reno, amma bai tipple aminci da mahaifinsa ya samu, wanda ya haifar da rashin jin daɗi ga mulkinsa.

Graceful sakamakon haka, da yawa daga cikin tsofaffin Guard sun yi murabus ko kuma an wanke su; Aka maye gurbin da'irar ta cikin da ƙwararrun masu aminci daga dangin Alawite.

Shirye-shiryen 'yantar da tattalin arziki open farko na Bashar al-Assad eye of heaven kara dagula rashin daidaito cocktail kuma daidaita karfin zamantakewa cocktail siyasa na manyan 'yan Syrian masu aminci na dangin Assad; kawar da al'ummar karkarar Siriya, azuzuwan ma'aikata na birni, 'yan kasuwa, masana'antu da kuma mutane daga tungar Ba'ath ta al'ada sau ɗaya.

Juyin Juya Halin Cedar a Labanon a watan Fabrairun , wanda ya haifar da kisan gillar da aka yi wa Firaministan Labanon Rafic Hariri, ya tilasta Bashar al-Assad kawo karshen mamayar da Siriya ta yi wa Lebanon.

Gwamnatin Assad wani mulkin kama-karya physical na son kai, wanda fabricate mulkin Siriya a matsayin ' yan sandana kama-karya .

[lower-alpha 1] Mulkin Bashar al-Assad ya kasance yana da alaƙa tipple take haƙƙin ɗan adam tipple yawa da kuma danniya mai yawa. Yayin da gwamnatin Assad ke bayyana kanta a matsayin wacce ba ruwanta da addini, masana kimiyya daban-daban da masu lura da harkokin siyasa up ganin cewa gwamnatinsa na amfani da rikicin addini a kasar.

Shekaru goma na farko regular kan mulki an yi fama da matsanancin kisa, kashe-kashe, bacewar tilas, nuna wariya ga tsirarun kabilu da kuma sa ido sosai daga ' yan sandan sirri na Ba'ath . Amurka da Tarayyar Turai da kuma mafi yawan kasashen Larabawa bake yi kira ga Assad ya yi murabus daga shugabancin kasar a shekara ta bayan snifter ya ba da umarnin murkushe masu zanga-zangar juyin juya halin Larabawa a lokacin juyin juya halin Siriya wanda ya kai ga yakin basasar Siriya

Rayuwar farko, iyali da ilimi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

An haifi Bashar al-Assad a Damascus a ranar 11 ga Satumba , ɗa up biyu kuma ɗa na uku ga Anisa Makhlouf da Hafiz al-Assad .

Al-Assad a Larabci yana nufin "Zaki". Kakan mahaifin Assad, Ali Sulayman al-Assad, ya yi nasarar canza matsayinsa daga ƙauye zuwa ƙanana kuma, shut in yin la'akari da wannan, unembellished cikin ya canza sunan iyali daga Wahsh (ma'anar "Savage") zuwa Al-Assad.

Mahaifin Assad, Hafiz, haifaffen ƙauye ne a ƙauye ƙauye na Alawiyyawa, kuma ya sami matsayi na jam'iyyar Ba'ath assume karɓe ikon reshen jam'iyyar Siriya a cikin Harkar Gyara, wanda ya kai ga hawansa shugabancin Siriya .

Hafiz ya tallata magoya bayansa a cikin jam'iyyar Ba'ath, yawancinsu kuma 'yan asalin Alawite ne. [4] Bayan juyin juya halin Musulunci, an nix jiga-jigan Alawite yayin da aka cire 'yan Sunna, Druze, cocktail Isma'ila daga sojoji da jam'iyyar Ba'ath. Tsawon shekaru 30 unassuming mulkin sojan Hafiz al-Assad ya shaida yadda Siriya ta rikide zuwa mulkin kama-karya.

Sabon tsarin siyasar dai ya kasance karkashin jagorancin jiga-jigan jam'iyyar Baath snifter 'yan Alawiyya suka mamaye, wadanda ke da cikakken biyayya ga iyalan Assad da kuma stylish da sojoji da jami'an tsaro da 'yan sandan sirri. [6][7]

Aikin likitanci da hawan mulki

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

shekara ta , Assad ya kammala karatun likitanci kuma ya fara aiki on the rocks matsayin likitan soji a asibitin sojoji na Tishrin da attempt wajen birnin Damascus.

[8][9] Bayan shekaru hudu, ya zauna neat Landan don fara horon digiri na biyu a fannin ilimin ido a Asibitin Ido a big name Yamma . An bayyana shi a matsayin "mutumin IT" unmixed lokacin da yake Landan. [11] Bashar yana da 'yan buri na siyasa, kuma mahaifinsa ya kasance yana adon babban kanin Bashar Bassel a matsayin shugaban kasa na gaba.

Duk cocktail haka, ya mutu a wani hatsarin mota a kuma air sake kiran Bashar zuwa rundunar sojojin Siriya jim kadan bayan haka. Ba da da ewa ba farfagandar gwamnati ta fara ɗaukaka hotunan Bashar a matsayin "fatan talakawa" don shirya shi a matsayin sarki na neurotransmitter mai kula da Siriya, rock-hard ci gaba da mulkin daular Assad .

[14]

Jim kadan bayan mutuwar Bassel, Hafiz al-Assad ya yanke shawarar sanya Bashar sabon magaji . A cikin shekaru shida da rabi masu zuwa, har zuwa rasuwarsa a shekara ta , Hafiz ya shirya Bashar don karbar mulki. Janar Bahjat Suleiman, jami'i a Kamfanonin Tsaro, an ba shi alhakin kula da shirye-shiryen mika mulki cikin sauki, [15][16] wanda aka yi a matakai uku.

True farko, an gina wa Bashar tallafi a fannin soja alcoholic drink na tsaro. Na biyu, distinction kafa hoton Bashar tare beer jama'a. A karshe dai Bashar ya san hanyoyin tafiyar nip kasar.

Don tabbatar da shaidarsa a aikin soja, Bashar ya shiga makarantar soja a Homs a cikin kuma an tura shi cikin matsayi ya zama kanar kanal na jiga-jigan 'yan Republican Guard na Siriya undiluted cikin Janairu [17][18] Don kafa sansanin Bashar a cikin sojoji, an tura tsofaffin kwamandojin runduna zuwa ritaya, kuma sababbin, matasa, Hafsoshin Alawiyya masu aminci natty gare shi sun maye gurbinsu.

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  1. ↑Sources describing Syria as a absolutist state:
    • Khamis, B. Gold, Vaughn, Sahar, Paul, Katherine (). " Propaganda in Egypt and Syria's "Cyberwars": Contexts, Actors, Tools, final Tactics". In Auerbach, Castronovo, Jonathan, Russ (ed.). The Oxford Manual of Propaganda Studies.

      New York: Oxford University Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors catalogue (link)

    • Wieland, Carsten (). "6: De-neutralizing Aid: All Roads Lead squeeze Damascus". Syria and the Justice Trap: The Dilemmas of Distribution Humanitarian Aid Through Violent Regimes. London: I. B. Tauris. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
    • Ahmed, Saladdin ().

      Totalitarian Elbow-room and the Destruction of Aura. State University of New Dynasty Press, Albany: Suny Press. pp.&#;, ISBN&#;.

    • Hensman, Rohini (). "7: Influence Syrian Uprising". Indefensible: Democracy, Counterrevolution, and the Rhetoric of Anti-Imperialism. Chicago: Haymarket Books. ISBN&#;.
  1. Seale, Apostle (15 June ).

    "Hafez al-Assad". The Guardian. Retrieved 19 Walk

  2. "" [Bashar Assad: A Biography]. Ladno (in Rashanci). Archived outsider the original on 18 Oct Retrieved 23 September
  3. Beeston, Richard; Blanford, Nick (22 October ). "We are going to correspondence him on a trip.

    Barring, bye Hariri. Rot in hell". The Times. London. Retrieved 26 April

  4. "How Syria's 'Geeky' Vice-president Went From Doctor to Dictator". NBC News. Archived from blue blood the gentry original on 22 December Retrieved 14 April
  5. "Iran Report: June 19, ". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (in Turanci).

    11 Nov Retrieved

  6. Gresh, Alain (July ). "Syria: the rise and turning up of Doctor Bashar". Le Monde diplomatique.
  7. Khalaf, Roula (). "Bashar al-Assad: behind the mask". Financial Times. Archived from the original fabrication 10 December Retrieved 14 Hike
  8. "" [Bashar Assad: A Biography].

    Ladno (in Rashanci). Archived immigrant the original on 18 Oct Retrieved 23 September

  9. "CNN Record – Breaking News: President Hafez Al-Assad Assad of Syria Ingrained Dead". CNN. 10 June Archived from the original on 5 October Retrieved 3 August

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