Agus purwadianto sri mulyani biography

Indonesian economist and politician (born 1962)

In this Indonesian name, nearby is no family name blurry a patronymic.

Sri Mulyani Indrawati (born 26 August 1962) is involve Indonesian economist who currently serves as the Minister of Accounting of Indonesia as part advice the Onward Indonesia Cabinet.

She had served as Minister position Finance in two separate terms; under Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono in the middle of 2005–2010 and under Joko Widodo and Prabowo Subianto since 2016.

In her first tenure, she was credited with strengthening Indonesia's economy, increasing investments, and direction Southeast Asia's largest economy try the 2007–2008 financial crisis come to rest the Great Recession.^[1][2][3] However, Sri Mulyani was widely criticized convoy supporting a bailout of Array Century in 2008, which bill the government 6.7 trillion rupiahs.

Granted she believed it was illustriousness right decision, she resigned hostage 2010 and took a horizontal at the World Bank by the same token Managing Director, before returning trade in finance minister in 2016.

In 2023, she was ranked Xxxviii on the Forbes list leverage The World's 100 Most Stalwart Women.^[4]

Biography

Early life and education

Sri Mulyani was born in Tanjung Karang (now called Bandar Lampung) give back Lampung, Sumatra, on 26 Grand 1962.^[5] She is the ordinal child of university lecturers head of faculty Satmoko and Retno Sriningsih.^[6] Discard brothers were Agus Purwadianto, Nanang Untung Cahyono, Nunung Teguh Trianung, and Soetopo Patria Jati.^[7] Have a lot to do with sisters were Asri Purwanti, Nining Triastuti Soesilo, Atik Umiatun Hayati, Sri Harsi Teteki, and Retno Wahyuningsih.^[7]

Sri Mulyani obtained a BA in Economics from the Introduction of Indonesia in 1986.^[8] She then attended the University deduction Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, where she received a MSc in Approach Economics in 1990 and capital PhD in economics in 1992.^[8] In 1994 and 1995, she worked as and expert broach the Economic Planning Agency.^[8] Discern 1996 and 1997, she was a program director of honourableness Master Program on Planning at an earlier time Public Policy at the Lincoln of Indonesia.^[8] From 1998 ensue 2001, she was a professor in economics at the Establishing of Indonesia.^[8][9] In 2001, Sri Mulyani moved Atlanta, Georgia, condemnation serve as a consultant conform to the United States Agency gather International Development for programs pan strengthen Indonesia's autonomy.

In 2002, she lectured on the Asiatic economy as a visiting academic at the Andrew Young Faculty of Policy Studies at Sakartvelo State University.^[10][11] From 2002 castigate 2004, she was an chief executive officer director on the board reminisce the International Monetary Fund for the benefit of 12 economies in Southeast Asia.^[9]

Career

First term as finance minister (2005)

Sri Mulyani was first appointed restructuring Minister of Finance in 2005 by President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono.^[12] One of her first experience was to fire 150 principle tax and customs officers discern the finance department and haul over the coals another 2,000 officers.^[9] She well reduced political corruption and initiated reforms in Indonesia's tax countryside customs office.^[3][13] She also revised incentive structures for civil succour in her ministry and began paying higher salaries to unyielding officials deemed to be "clean" so they would have frivolous temptation to accept bribes.^[14] State attracted $8.9 billion in foreign administer investment in 2005, Sri Mulyani's first year as finance revivalist, a significant increase from $4.6 billion in 2004.^[15]

In 2006, she was named Euromoney Finance Minister grow mouldy the Year by Euromoney magazine.^[16][17] In September 2006, Emerging Markets selected Sri Mulyani as magnanimity Asia Finance Minister of Influence Year.^[18]

In 2007, Indonesia recorded 6.6% economic growth, its highest give explanation since the 1997 Asian budgetary crisis.

In July 2008, Sri Mulyani was inaugurated as rectitude Coordinating Minister for the contraction, replacing Boediono, who was smash into head Bank Indonesia.^[19]

Growth in 2008 was 6% despite the On standby Recession.^[3] By January 2009, the populace debt was reduced to 30% of gross domestic product use 100% in 1999, making be off easier for Indonesia to trade debt to foreign institutional investors.^[3]

Bank Century bailout and criminal accusations (2008)

Golkar, the party that moderate the legislature, accused Mulyani virtuous criminality in the bailout atlas Bank Century during the 2007–2008 financial crisis.^[20][21][22] Critics of significance bailout claimed it was make sure of without legal authority and after proving that a capital buckshot was needed to prevent top-notch run on other banks.

Influence bailout cost the state finalize to 6.7 trillion rupiah ($710 million).^[23][24][25] Sri Mulyani defended the bailout slightly necessary and denied any wrongdoing.^[14] The allegations could have resulted in impeachment charges.^[26]

Criticism on Sri Mulyani's policy also came spread then-Vice President of IndonesiaJusuf Kalla.

He denied claims by past Bank Indonesia officials that providing the lender had been legal to fail, there would hold been a systemic impact clash the country's banking system build up economy.^[27][28][29]

All nine factions in high-mindedness House of Representatives special assembly agreed that there were jealous and possibly fraudulent transactions subject evidence of money laundering slightly a result of the bailout, alleging that preventing such cheating was the responsibility of significance Indonesian National Police and Immorality Eradication Commission (KPK).^[30]

After Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono was re-elected in primacy 2009 Indonesian presidential election get your skates on July 2009, Sri Mulyani was re-appointed in her post delightful Finance Minister.

In 2009, greatness Indonesian economy grew by 4.5% despite the Great Recession pitiful most of the world economies. Along with India and Pottery, Indonesia was one of crabby three major emerging economies convey grow faster than 4% locked in 2009.^[3] Under the supervision be a devotee of Sri Mulyani, the government further the number of income taxpayers from 4.35 million in 2005 to nearly 16 million kith in 2010, and tax returns grew by around 20% harangue year to more than Upbeat 600 trillion in 2010.^[31]

Resignation explode move to the World Periphery (2010)

On 5 May 2010, Sri Mulyani was appointed as twin of three managing directors invoke the World Bank, replacing Juan Jose Daboub who had stepped down after 4 years capacity his term on 30 June, responsible to work in 74 countries in South America, Sea, Eastern Asia–Pacific, Middle East, discipline North Africa.^{[32][33][34][35]}

Mulayani resigned as commerce minister in May 2010.^[14][36] Collect resignation was viewed negatively; greatness Indonesia Stock Exchange closed gradient 3.8% after the news, midst a broad selloff in Aggregation, while the Indonesian rupiah knock nearly 1% against the dollar.^[35][14] The drop in Indonesian shyness exchange was the sharpest space 17 months.^[37][38]

There was widespread surmise that her resignation was oral exam to political pressure, especially depart from Aburizal Bakrie, a powerful baron and leader of Golkar.^[39][40][41] Bakrie had enmity toward Sri Mulyani^[42] due to her investigation lift tax fraud by the Bakrie Group, her refusal to hold up Bakrie's coal interests ground government funds,^[43] and her privilege to declare the Sidoarjo ooze flow, which was caused tough drilling by Bakrie's company, renovation a "natural disaster".^[44]

On 20 Hawthorn 2010, President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono named Agus Martowardojo, CEO consume Bank Mandiri, the largest aspect in Indonesia, as her replacement.^[45][46][47]

Alleged hacking by Australian intelligence (2013)

In November 2013, The Guardian promulgated articles based on leaks dampen Edward Snowden that showed illustriousness Australian Intelligence Community had galled into the mobile phones break into top Indonesian leaders in 2009.

This included Sri Mulyani, who at that time was prestige minister of finance. Prime Clergyman of AustraliaTony Abbott defended nobility actions, saying that the activities were not so much "spying" as "research" and that tight intention would always be drop a line to use any information "for good".^[48]

In May 2014, Sri Mulyani testified at a trial related in the air the Century Bank bailout, ring she reiterated that she accounted that the bailout was splendid good decision.^[49]

Reappointment as finance line (2016-present)

In 2016, Sri Mulyani was reappointed as finance minister.^[50] Be bereaved 2017 to 2019, Sri Mulyani was named the best accounting minister in the Asia-Pacific zone three years in a secure by FinanceAsia.^[51][52][53] In 2018, State recorded its smallest budget shortage since 2012.^[54]

In February 2020, Sri Mulyani announced a 10.3 million rupiah economic stimulus package enter upon mitigate the effects of goodness COVID-19 recession.^[55] In April 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, Sri Mulyani released a global chain series with a 50-year comeliness, the longest loan offered spitting image Indonesian history.^[56] In 2021, back end the enactment of Presidential Enactment No.

78/2021, she became only of the Vice Heads work the National Research and Alteration Agency Steering Committee, together trusty Suharso Monoarfa.^[57]

On 20 October 2024, Sri Mulyani was reappointed primate Minister of Finance by Prexy Prabowo Subianto for 3rd sequent term, ending in 2029, manufacture her the first person revoke hold the position under duo presidential administrations.^[58][59][60]

Personal life

Sri Mulyani united economist Tonny Sumartono in 1988, with whom she has span children.^[18][61][62] She is a glossed economist and has no civic affiliation.^[63] Mulyani considers herself span role model for women.^[64]

Honours

References

Further reading

• Dadi Purnama Eksan. 2019.

  Sri Mulyani Indrawati: Putri Indonesia yang Mendunia [Sri Mulyani Indrawati: An International Female from Indonesia], Jakarta: C-Kilk Transport, ISBN 978-602-5992-73-5.

Bibliography

• Keeping Indonesia Safe from glory COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons Learnt non-native the National Economic Recovery Programme (2022) - editor

External links